264 



Life-histories of Northern Animals 



west of Big Sand Creek. The most favoured routes crossed 

 the Arkansas at the mouth of Walnut Creek, Pawnee Fort, 

 Mulberry Creek, the Cimarron Crossing, and Big Sand Creek. 

 "As the great herd proceeds northward it is constantly 

 depleted, numbers wandering off to the right and left, until 



Map 12 — Buffalo migration according to Professor Hind's record. 



The dark area in each case marks the winter range. The arrow-heads show direction of migration. 

 Their ancient route along Red River is marked with straight dotted lines. 



finally it is scattered in small herds far and wide over the vast 

 feeding grounds, where they pass the summer. 



"When the food in one locality fails they go to another, 

 and towards fall, when the grass of the higher prairie becomes 

 parched by the heat and drought, they gradually work their 

 way back to the south, concentrating on the rich pastures of 



