310 Life-histories of Northern Animals 



ventorum Allen, a large form like the foregoing, but 

 darker, more olive, and grayer below. 



richardsoni Bach, a large form still darker than ven- 

 torum; with much black, especially on the tail, 

 which is nearly all black above. 



streatori Allen, a large form much like richardsoni^ but 



is more olivaceous above in summer, and has a 



very short tail, of which only the last third is black. 



vancouverensis Allen, like streatori, but much small- 

 er, and tinged brownish below. 



petulans Osgood, like vancouverensis, but paler. 



Specimens from Ingolf, Kenora, Norway House, and 

 eastern and northern Manitoba are true hudsonicus. Those 

 from Carberry and Winnipeg begin to show a gradation toward 

 the larger pale form called minnesota. 



Life-history. 

 RANGE The Red-squirrel is found in Manitoba, from Lake of the 



OF SPK- 



ciEs Woods to Fort Ellice, and from Turtle Mountain to Berens River. 

 Its range in America is set forth on page 309. 



ENVIRON- Its special environment is the coniferous woods. It is, 



MENT . . . . 



indeed, the only true Squirrel in Canada, east of the Plains, that 

 is happy in the fir and pine forest region. 



It is also the only true Squirrel in Eastern Canada that 

 makes and harbours in holes under ground. There is nothing 

 so safe as Mother Earth, and it is doubtless due to this subter- 

 ranean habit that the Red-squirrel survives and flourishes, while 

 the Gray and Fox-squirrels vanish with the vanishing woods. 



iNDi- The home ranee of each individual is, I should say, less 



VIDUAL . 



RANGE than ten acres. At Duff's Lake, near Carberry, is a grove of 

 oaks that cannot cover much more than twenty acres, and it is 

 yet range enough for a number of Red-squirrels to live in year 

 after year. This grove is quite isolated; the Squirrels, to get 



