4 INSECTIVORA 



1777. [Talpa europxa] a albo-maculata Erxleben, Syst. Regni Anim., i, 



p. 117 (Ostfriesland). 

 1785. [Talpa] vulgaris Boddaert, Elenchus Anim., i, p. 12G (Europe). 

 1789. [Talpa etirop:m] ^ variccjata Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 13tli ed., p. 110 



(Sweden). 

 1789. [Talpa europsea:] y alba Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 13th ed., p. 110 



(Sweden). 

 1789. Talpia europxa e cinerea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 13th ed., p. 110 (Eifel, 



Germany). 

 1792. Talpia mrop[se.a\ nigra Kerr, Anim. Kingd., p. 200 (Renaming of 



europsea). 

 1797. Talpa europsea rtifa B[orkhause]n, Der Zoologe (Compendiose Biblio- 



thek gemeinniitzigsten Kenntnisse fiir alle Stande, pt. xxi). 



Heft v-viii, p. 13 (Southern France). 

 1836. Talpa europxa flavescens Reichenbach, Pracht.-gemeinn. der 



Saugeth. des In- und Auslandes, fig. 473 (Saxony). 

 1852. Talpa europxa albida Reichenbach, Vollstandigste Naturgesch. des 



In- und Auslandes, iv, p. 336 (Germany). 

 1852. Talpa europxa lutea Reichenbach, Vollstandigste Naturgesch. des 



In- und Auslandes, iv, p. 336 (Germany). 

 1857. Talpa europxa Blasius, Saugethiere Deutschlands, p. 109. 

 1869. Talpa europxa, flavescens Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. kais. Akad. 



Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, lix, pt. i, p. 400. 

 1869. Talpa europxa, maculata Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. kais. Akad. 



Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, lix, pt. i, p. 401 



(Renaming of albo-maculata). 

 1869. Talpa europxa 5 grisea Fitzinger, Sitzunsgber. kais. Akad. Wissensch. 



Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, lix, pt. i, p. 403 (synonym of 



cinerea wrongly attributed to Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch., ii, 



p. 390, 1780, where vernacular name only is used). 

 1897. [Talpa] scalops Schulze, Abb. u. Vortr. Gesammtb. Naturw. iv, 



no. 10, p. 19. (Substitute for europxa.) 

 1910. Talpa europxa Trouessart, Faune Mamm. d'Europe, p. 61. 



Type locality. — Upsala, Sweden. 



GeograpJdcal distribution. — Europe from Great Britain and 

 the Channel Islands eastward, and from the Mediterranean coast 

 to Scotland and central Sweden. 



Diagnosis. — Size medium (hind foot about 18 mm., condylo- 

 basal length of skull rarely less than 33 mm.) ; skull with orbit 

 rather long, so that distance from posterior border of orbit to 

 posterior border of anteorbitai foramen is about equal to that 

 from latter point to front of fiist premolar or back of canine ; 

 teeth of moderate size, the length of upper tooth-row (exclusive 

 of incisors) less than 14 mm., the greatest diameter of m^ about 

 3 mm. ; mesostyle of m^ and m^ entire or with apex slightly 

 notched. 



External characters. — General form highly modified for sub- 

 terranean burrowing habits, the neck so short that the conical 

 head with much produced snout appears to be joined directly, 

 between the very large, everted front feet, to broad, powerful 

 shoulders, behind which the unusually long, nearly cylindrical 

 body tapers gradually to somewhat weak and narrow pelvic 

 region. Fur dense and velvety, the hairs all of the same length, 



