bital foramen and slightly in front of its middle ; its orifice over 

 metastyle of m^. Temporal fossa rather large, the distance from 

 its posterior border to posterior border of anteorbital foramen 

 equal to that from latter point to front of first premolar or back 

 of canine. Palate moderately broad, without special peculiarities 

 of form, terminating posteriorly, a little behind in^, in a slightly 

 raised crescentic ridge ; a vacuity about as large as the minute 

 incisive foramen on each side of palate opposite space between 

 m^ and m''. Mandible I'ather slender, the ramus curved downward 

 near middle and upward posteriorly, the angular process nearly 

 on level with alveolar line. Coronoid process large, its broadly 

 rounded off extremity rising considerably above articular level, 

 its height above alveolar line about e(iual to least bi'eadth of 

 posterior segment of mandible. Articular process slender, the 

 single articular surface small, normal in position. Angular 

 process slightly longer than articular process, and distinctly 

 broader, forming an obliquely-set plate directed almost horizon- 

 tally backward, the extremity slightly hooked upward. 



Teeth. — In proportion to the size of the skull the teeth are 

 moderately large, their general 

 aspect noticeably trenchant. Up2:)er 

 incisors simple, chisel - shaped, 

 perpendicular, forming a strongly 

 convex row between canines, their 

 height equal, but their breadth 

 diminishing regularly from first to 

 third ; crowns of first and second 

 usually in contact, that of third 

 separated by a slight space from 

 second and from canine. 

 Lower incisors projecting 

 somewhat obliquely for- 

 ward, essentially similar to 

 the upper teeth in form, 

 but smaller and narrower. 

 Upper canine large, two- 

 rooted,* the height of the 

 shaft greater than that of any 

 of the other teeth, and fully 

 equal to anterior breadth of 

 palate ; shaft wider ante- 

 riorly than posteriorly, with 

 antero-internal longitudinal 

 groove, and highly deve- 

 loped, slightly concave pos- 

 terior cutting edge. Lower canine very small, resembling a 

 fourth incisor, but with shaft conical instead of chisel-shaped, 



* The roots of this tooth as well as those of the small premolars are 

 distinctly visible in old individuals. 



KIG. 2. 

 Talpa europxa. Teeth x 5. 



