ERINACEUS 115 



Remarks. — About' twenty-five species are currently referred 

 to this genus, four of them occurring in Europe. 



KEY TO THE EUROPEAN FORMS OF ERINACEUS. 



Third upper incisor definitely 2-rooted ; elevated 



portion of posterior lower premolar 2-cusped ; a 



bare area among spines at middle of forehead 



(Spain, Balearic Islands and southerji France)... E. alginis, p. 130. 



Underparts clouded with brown, at least in inter- 



ramial and intercrural regions (Spain and 



southern France) E. a. algirus, p. 131. 



Underparts entirely whitish (Balearic Islands) E. a. vagans, p. 133. 



Third upper incisor never definitely 2-rooted ; 



elevated portion of posterior lower premolar 



3-cusped ; no bare area among spines at middle 



of forehead. 



Greatest upper length of maxillary greater than 



or at least equal to depth of rostrum at middle ; 



anterior upper premolar sub-equal to canine, 



its posterior border with small though evident 



cusp (Eastern). 



Hind foot 40 to 43 mm. ; condylobasal length 



of skull in adult male about 58 mm. (Eastern 



Germany through Bohemia and Roumania 



to Greece) E. roumanicus, p. 127. 



Hind foot 35 to 38 mm. ; condylobasal length 



of skull in adult male about 55 mm. (Crete) E. nesiotes, p. 129. 



Greatest upper length of maxillary less than 



depth of rostrum at middle ; anterior upper 



premolar decidedly smaller than canine, its 



posterior border with cusp obsolete or absent 



(Western) E. europxus, p. 115. 



Size larger, the skull in old males exceeding 

 59 mm. in condylobasal length. 

 Average colour darker, the face never clear, 

 pale, buffy grey, but usually with notice- 

 able blackish markings (Central-western 



Europe) E. e. europseus, p. 120. 



Average colour lighter, the face usually clear, 

 pale, buffy grey without noticeable black- 

 ish markings (Iberian Peninsula) E. e. Ms^xmicus, p. 122. 



Size smaller, the skull in old males not ex- 

 ceeding 59 mm. in condylobasal length. 

 Colour of head and shoulders lighter than 



that of contiguous spiny area (Italy) E. e. italkus, p. 123. 



Colour of head and shoulders darker than 



that of contiguous spiny area (Sicily) E. e. consolei, p. 126. 



ERINACEUS EUROPvEUS Linnaeus. 



(Synonymy under subspecies.) 



Geographical distribution. — Europe from the Mediterranean 

 coast to Scotland and sovithern Scandinavia ; west to Ireland ; 

 eastern limits of range not known. 



Diagnosis. — Size large (head and body about 225 to 275 ; hind 

 foot 40 mm. or more ; condylobasal length of skull more than 



