120 INSECTIVORA 



absent.* A small but evident metaconule. Second molar like 

 first but smaller, its crown area about equal to that of large 

 premolar, its greatest diameter anterior instead of posterior. 

 Cusps essentially as in first molar, except that paracone is larger 

 than metacone and hypocone, and metaconule is barely indicated. 

 Third molar reduced to a protocone nearly as large as in the 

 other teeth, and a rudimentary paracone, the two connected by 

 a cutting edge sloping obliquely outward, forward and uj^ward. 

 The tooth is single-rooted. Lower molars with the usual cusps 

 and commissures, the cusps more terete and commissures less 

 trenchant than in other European insectivores. Third molar 

 consisting of the anterior triangle only, this somewhat smaller 

 than in the other two teeth. 



Erinaceus europ^us europ^us Linnaeus. 



1758. [Eri7iaceus'} europseus Linnaeus, Systema Naturse, i, 10th ed., p. 52 



(Sweden). 

 1779. \_Hystrix\ erinaceus Blumenbach, Handbuch d. Naturgesch., p. 72 



(Germany). 

 1803. Erinaceus suillus Geoffroy, Catal. Mammif. du Mus. Nat. d'Hist. 



Nat., p. 67 (France). 

 1803. Erinaceus caninus Geoffrey, Catal. Mammif. du Mus. Nat. d'Hist. 



Nat., p. 68 (France). 



1857. Erinaceus eurox^ams Blasius, Saugethiere Deutschlands, p. 153 (part). 



1858. E\_rinaceus'\ caniceps Hamilton Smith, Jard. Nat. Libr., 2nd ed., xv 



(Mammalia I), p. 148 (near Brussels, Belgium). 

 1897. [Erinaceus'] echinus Schulze, Abh. u. Vortr. Gesammtb. Naturw. iv, 



No. 10, p. 19 (Substitute for europaiiis). 

 1900. Erinaceus europa^us Barrett-Hamilton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 



7th ser., v, p. 362, April, 1900. 

 1900. Erinaceus eiiropseus occidentalis Barrett-Hamilton, Ann. and Mag. 



Nat. Hist., 7th ser., v, p. 362, April, 1900 (Haddingtonshire, 



Scotland). Type in British Museum. 

 1910. Erinaceus europgeus and E. europmus occidentalis Trouessart, Faune 



Mamm. d'Europe, p. 38. 



Tijpe locality. — Upsala, Sweden. 



Geographical distribution. — Western central Europe from 

 Scotland, southern Norway, and central Sweden to the Pyrenees 

 and Alps ; west to Ireland ; eastern limits of range not known. 



Diagnosis. — Size largest of the European hedgehogs (cond^'lo- 

 basal length of fully adult skulls usually 61 to 63 mm., seldom 

 less than 60 mm.) ; colour dark, the sides and underparts seldom 

 if ever a light buffy grey ; face with blackish area extending 

 from eye to muzzle. 



Measurements. — Adult male and female from Upsala, Sweden : 

 head and body, 265 and 263 ; tail, 34 and 37 ; hind foot, 44 

 and 43. Adult male from Innerwick, Haddingtonshire, Scotland : 

 head and body, 218; tail, 17 ; hind foot, 42. Adult male and 



* The cingulum usually forms a small projection resembling a rudi- 

 mentary parastyle. 



