136 



CHIROPTERA 



KEY TO THE GENERA OF EUROPEAN BATS. 



(A wholly artificial key based primarily on external characters.) 



Muzzle with leaf-like outgrowths RJnnolophus, p. 137. 



^luzzle without leaf -like outgrowths. 



Tail projecting conspicuously beyond membraue... Nijctinomus, p. 27G. 

 Tail not projecting conspicuously beyond membrane. 

 Ears joined. 



Ear longer than head Plccotus, p. 256. 



Ear shorter than head Barbastella, p. 263. 



Ears separate. 



Second phalanx of third finger nearly three 



tiines as long as first Minioptcrus, p. 268. 



Second phalanx of third finger less than twice 

 as long as first. 

 Fifth finger about as long as metacarpal of 



fourth or third Nydalus, p. 242. 



Fifth finger much longer than metacarpal of 

 fourth or third. 

 Ear wider than high, its lower margin 

 forming a small pocket near angle of 



mouth Vesperfilio, p. 238. 



Ear higher than wide, its lower margin 

 not forming pocket near angle of 

 mouth. 



Upper cheek-teeth 6-6 Mijotis, p. 166. 



Upper cheek-teeth less than 6-6. 



Upper cheek-teeth 5-5 Pipistrcllus, p. 202. 



Upper cheek-teeth 4-4 Eptesicus, p. 224. 



Family RHINOLOPHID^. 



1827. Rhinolophina Lesson, Man. de Mammalogie, p. 81 (part). 

 1857. Phyllostomata Blasius, Siuigethiere Deutschlauds, p. 26. 

 1866. Bhinolopliidm Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 81 (part). 

 1878. Bhinolophidie. Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 100 (part). 

 1907. Rliinolopliidx IMiller, Families and Genera of Bats, p. 106, June 29, 

 1907. 



Geographical distribution. — Tropical and temperate portions of 

 the Old World from Ireland east to the Phihppine Islands. 

 Solomon Islands and north-eastern Australia. In Europe north 

 to northern England and the Baltic coast of Germany. 



Characters. — Ear without tragus ; muzzle w ith conspicuous 

 leaf-like cutaneous outgrowths (fig. 26) consisting of a horizontal 

 anterior horseshoe, a perpendicular median sella, and a posterior 

 erect lancet ; skull with premaxillaries represented by palatal 

 branches only, the two bones partly cartilaginous and not fused 

 with surrounding parts (often lost in prepared specimens) : 

 shoulder girdle highly abnormal, the seventh cervical and first 

 dorsal vertebrae, first and second ribs, and presternum fused into a 

 continuous ring ; secondary articulation of humerus with scapula 

 small but distinct ; fibula thread-like ; foot normal, the hallux 

 with two phalanges, the other toes with three. 



Bemarks. — The Rhinolophidse are the most widely distributed 



