PIPISTRELLUS 



•217 



other European species. Mesopterygoid space slightly longer 

 than wide. Mandible with coronoid process distinctly higher 

 than articular process, so that upper edge of posterior portion is 

 oblique and not parallel with alveolar line. 



Teeth. — Inner upper incisor essentially as in Pipistrellus 

 inpistrellus except that secondary cusp is reduced to a minute, 

 sometimes obsolete, projection from cingulum at posterior base of 

 shaft ; outer incisor very small, less than half as high as inner, 

 its apex about on level with highest point of cingulum of larger 

 tooth, its crown area about two-thirds that of latter, its structure 

 essentially as in P. ])ij)istrellus, though with very small secondary 

 cusp ; small tooth situated directly exterior to 

 large, so that a line perpendicular to main 

 axis of skull would pass through middle of 

 all four incisors ; lower incisors essentially as 

 in P. pipistrellus, though relatively larger and 

 more strongly imbricated. Canines both above 

 and below intermediate in form between those 

 of P. pipistrellus and P. nathusii. Anterior .^ \i uu ijjj G>f-i 

 upper premolar crowded inward from tooth- 

 row and closely wedged between canine and 

 large premolar which are nearly or quite in Pij^Mi^kuMU. 

 contact ; the small tooth is usually though not Anterior teeth x 5. 

 always invisible from outer side, its cusp is 

 very low, nearly terete, its crown area about equal to that 

 of outer incisor ; large premolar with no special peculiarities. 

 Lower premolars as in the related species, but disproportion in 

 size more marked, the crown area of first a little more than 

 half that of second. Molars both above and below essentially 

 as in P. pipistrelhis and P. nathusii, but somewhat more robust. 



Measurements. — Two adult males from near Genoa, Italy : 

 head and body, 43 and 46 ; tail, 37 '4 and 38 ; tibia, 12-4 and 

 13 ; foot, 6 and 6 ; forearm, 33-6 and 34 ; thumb, 5 and 5-2 ; 

 third finger, 60 and 60 ; fifth finger, 45 and 44 ; ear from meatus, 

 12-6 and 13; width of ear, 10 '4 and 10. Two adult females 

 from the same locality : head and body, 44 and 47 ; tail, 39 and 

 40 ; tibia, 12 and 13 ; foot, 6 • 2 and 6 • 2 ; forearm, 33 • 4 and 3.5 ; 

 thumb, 5 '2 and 5 "4; third finger, 60 and 63 ; fifth finger, 45 

 and 47 ; ear from meatus, 13 and 13 ; width of ear, 10 and 10. 

 Adult male and female from Palermo, Sicily : head and body, 

 42 and 44; tail, 36 and 35-4; tibia, 12-4 and 12-4 ; foot, 5-6 

 and 5 • 4 ; forearm., 31 and 34 ; thumb, 5 • 4 and 5*2; third finger, 

 56 and 61 ; fifth finger, 41 and 43 "6 ; ear from meatus, 12*4 and 

 13 ; width of ear, 10 and 10. Adult male and female from 

 Cagliari, Sardinia : head and body, 44 and 45 ; tail, 35 and 37 ; 

 tibia, 12-6 and 12*4 ; foot, 6' 2 and 6-8; forearm, 33 and 33; 

 thumb, 5 and 5 ; third finger, 58 and 62 ; fifth finger, 43 and 45 ; 

 ear from meatus, 13 and 12 ; width of ear, 10 and 10. For 

 cranial measurements see Table, p. 218. 



