EPTESICUS 225 



1841. Noctula Bonaparte, Iconogr. Faun. Ital., i, fasc. xxi, in account of 



Vespertilio alcytlioe (serotinus). 

 1856. Catcorus Kolenati, Allgem. deutsche Naturhist. Zeitung, Dresden, 



neue Folge, ii, p. 131 [serotinus). 



1856. Meteorus Kolenati, Allgem. deutsche Naturhist. Zeitung, Dresden, 



neue Folge, ii, p. 131 (part). 



1857. Vespems Blasius, Siiugethiere Deutschlands, p. 51 (Sub-genus of 



Vcspenigo), part. 



1858. Ambhjotus Kolenati, Sitzungsber. kais. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, 



Math.-Naturwissensch. Classe, xxix, p. 252 (atratus — nilssoni). 

 1868. Aristippe " Kolenati, Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Phthiriomyiarien, 



Petersburg, 1863 " (part, included both discolor = murinus and 



nilssoni). 

 1866. Pachyomits Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., xvii, p. 90, 



February, 1863 {pachijomus). 

 1870. Nyctiptenus Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. kais. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, 



Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, lxii, p. 424 (smithii). 

 1878. Vesperus Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 184 (Sub-genus of 



Vesperugo), part. 

 1892. Adclonycteris H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1891, 



p. 466, January 19, 1892 (part ; substitute for Vesperus, pre- 

 occupied). 

 1897. Vespertilio Miller, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., xx, p. 384, 



October, 1897 (part). 

 1900. Eptesicus M6hely, Monogr. Chiropt. Hungarise, p. 219 (part). 

 1907. Eptesicus Miller, Families and Genera of Bats, p. 207, June 29, 1907. 



Type species. — Eptesicus melanops Rafinesque = Verpertilio 

 fiiscus Beauvois. 



Geographical distribution. — Europe, Asia (except Malay region), 

 Australia, Africa, Madagascar ; America from southern Canada 

 southward (except Lesser Antilles). 



Characters. — Dental formula : i ;-?, c ^, pm ]f^^, m ?4! = 32. 

 Teeth strictly normal throughout, and showing no special pecu- 

 liarities. Both upper incisors well developed, the inner larger 

 than the outer and usually with distinct secondary cusp, the 

 outer separated from canine by a space equal to its greatest 

 diameter ; m^ variable in form, usually with well developed 

 metacone and three commissures in the smaller species, but with 

 metacone and third commissure obsolete in larger forms. Skull 

 without special peculiarities of form or structure, the rostrum 

 ilattish or more usually rounded off above, the nares and palatal 

 emargination not specially enlarged, the latter at least as deep 

 as wide. Ear of moderate size, not peculiar in form ; wing 

 broad (normal). 



Hemarhs. — Among European bats the members of the genus 

 Epjtesicus may be distinguished by their dental formula combined 

 with a simple Pijjistrellus-like ear and not specially modified 

 skull. The group is nearly related to Pipistrellus through 

 P. savii, in which the small premolar is occasionally absent and 

 not infrequently so minute as to be concealed by the gum. About 

 forty-five species are known, three of which occur in Europe. 



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