NYCTALUS 245 



Hemarks. — Nyctalus maximus is readily distinguished among 

 the bats of Europe by its large size. It is at present a rare and 

 little known animal. 



9 al. Pisa, Italy. Dr. A. Senna (e). 94. 6. 3. 3. 



6 al. Ravenna. Florence Museum (e). 85. 7. 6. 9. 



6 al. Lidth de Jeude Coll. 67. 4. 12. 337. 



NYCTALUS NOCTULA 8chreber. 



1774. Vespertilio noctula Schreber, Saugthiere, i, pi. lii ; description, i, 



p. 166, under name : Die Speckmaus (France ; based primarily 



on "La Noctule " of Daubenton, Hist. Acad. Royale des Sci., 



Paris, 1759, p. 376. 1765). 

 1776. Vespertilio larclarius P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. u. Regist.- 



Band, p. 15 (France; based primarily on Schreber's Speckmaus). 

 1789. \^Vespertilio'] magnus Borkenhaut, Syn. Nat. Hist. Great Britain and 



Ireland, i, p. 1 (Cambridge, England ; based on Pennant, Brit. 



ZooL, No. 38). 

 1789. Tes2)ertilio altivolans White, Nat. Hist, and Antiquities of Selborne, 



p. 93 (Selborne, Hampshire, England). 

 1816. ? Vespertilio major Leach, Syst. Catal. Spec. Indig. Mamm. and 



Birds Brit. Mus. (Willoughby Society reprint, 1882), p. 5 Nomen 



nudum : " Great Bat." 

 1818. Vespertilio proterus Kuhl, Ann. Wetterau, Gesellsch. Naturk, iv 



(= Neue Ann., i), pt. 1, p. 41 (Substitute for noctula). 

 1829. Vespertilio rufescens Brehm, Isis, p. 643 (Jena, Thiiringen, Germany). 

 1841. Vespertilio noctula Bonaparte, Iconogr. Faun. Ital., i, Ind. Distrib. 



(sp. illustr.). 

 1841. Noctula serotina Bonaparte, Iconogr. Faun. Ital., i, Ind. Distrib. 



(nomencl. moderna). 

 1844. Vesp[ertilio'] palustris Crespon, Fauna Meridionale, i, p. 22 (marshes 



near Nimes, Gard, France). 

 1857. Vesperugo noctula Blasius, Saugethiere Deutschlands, p. 53. 

 1869. [Vesjjerugo noctula''] var. minima Fatio, Faune Vert. Suisse, i, p. 58 



(Geneva, Switzerland). 

 1878. Vesperugo noctula Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 212. 

 1897. Pterygistes 7ioctula Miller, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., xx, 



p. 384, October, 1897. 

 1910. Nyctalus noctula Trouessart, Faune Mamm. d'Europe, p. 18. 



Tiij)e locality. — France. 



Geographical distribution. — Europe from southern Norway 

 and central Sweden to the Mediterranean, and from England 

 eastward into Asia. 



Diagnosis. — Condylobasal length of skull, 17 "4 to 19*4 mm. ; 

 forearm, 47 to 55 mm. ; general colour dark yellowish brown, the 

 hairs not darker at base. 



External characters. — General form robust and heavy. Muzzle 

 broad, with conspicuous glandular swelling between eye and 

 nostril, the greatest width across this region decidedly more than 

 distance between nostril and ear ; nostrils projecting forward and 

 outward with evident median concavity between them, the orifice 

 crescentic. Ear short, extendincf when laid forward about half 



