296 



CARNIVORA 



oblique to it ; postero- external cusp slightly smaller than antero- 

 external, and contrast betAveen outer and inner cusps less marked 

 than in m^ ; posterior third of crown occupied by a flattened heel, 

 variable in form and size, but usually narrowing off, chiefly by 

 slanting inward of outer boi'der, to about half anterior width of 

 tooth, and in some specimens bearing a low but evident third 

 inner tubercle ; surface of heel sculptured by irregular small 

 tubercles and furrows ; cingulum obsolete but usually evident 

 along anterior half of inner border. First lower molar about as 

 long as second but noticeably narrower, its crown showing more 

 traces of the primitive trituberculate form than any of the other 

 teeth ; protoconid and hypoconid wide apart, separated by a deep 

 groove, the protoconid the highest cusp in the tooth, and with 

 evident antero-external commissure ; pai'aconid forming naiTow 

 anterior extremity of crow^n and provided with a distinct com- 

 missure, similar to and joining that of protoconid ; metaconid 

 subterete, without commissure, near to and slightly behind inner 

 base of protoconid, a minute though evident accessory tubercle 

 just in front of it ; entoconid like hypoconid, at extreme posterior 

 edge of crown, the deep wide groove between it and metaconid 

 with small accessory tubercle at its lowest point. Second lower 

 molar about 1^ times as long as wide, its outline an irregular 

 parallelogram with rounded-ofl^ corners, the surface of the crown 

 occupied principally by a flattened, irregularly sculptured crushing 

 surface, the cusps near border ; five cusps are usually well 

 developed : a rather large antero-internal and antero-external 

 opposite each other, and joined by a low transverse ridge ; a 

 small postero-external and two smaller postero-internal cusps ; a 

 small but evident accessory tubercle at anterior base of large 

 antero-internal cusp, this tubercle not infrequently dividing into 

 two. Third lower molar varying from rounded-triangular to 

 ovate in outline, its area about two-thirds that of m.^, its surface 

 entirely flat except for a slightly raised rim which forms a 

 small antero-internal cusp. 



3Ieasurements. — Adult male from Sweden (mounted) : head 

 and body, 1900; tail, 80; hind foot, 195 ; ear, 90. For cranial 

 measurements see Table, p. 294. 



Specimens examined. — Eight, from the following localities : — 

 Sweden : Kvickjock, Norbotteu, 1 ; uo exact locality, 3 (B.IM. and 

 U.S.N.M.). 



Switzerland : Engadine, 1. 

 Austria-Hungary : Near Hatszeg, Hunyad, 3. 



BcmarJcs. — As regards the existence of geographical races of 

 the large European bear it is impossible to form any opinion on 

 the basis of the few specimens seen. Ursus arcfos is related to 

 the grizzly bear of North America, U. horribilis and its local 

 forms, but is readily distinguishable by the relatively greater 

 height of the frontal region and the consequently more abrupt 

 slope of posterior half of dorsal profile, a character suggesting 



