CANIS 309 



to distance from bregma to most posterior point of occiput. 

 Posterior portion of occiput strongly concave when viewed from 

 the side, the condyles nearly hidden beneath the projecting 

 lambdal region. Floor of brain-case with no specially noteworthy 

 featui'es, the auditory bullae sub-circular in outline, with short but 

 evident meatal tube, their surface evenly inflated (more so than 

 usual in domestic dogs) except for an evident flattening on antero- 

 external aspect. Sagittal and lambdoid crests well developed, 

 the former dividing just in front of bregma into two ridges 

 curving outward to form postei'ior border of postorbital processes. 

 Interorbital region moderately elevated, well defined, with distinct 

 longitudinal concavity between raised and thickened postorbital 

 processes. Zygomata widely spreading, the greatest zygomatic 

 breadth (at level of anterior glenoid edge) a little more than half 

 greatest length of skull ; orbital process well developed, the 

 orbit surrounded by bone through about four-fifths of its 

 circumference. Rostral breadth at canine about equal to depth 

 at front of carnassial ; premaxillary extending posteriorly to 

 about middle of nasal ; miixillary extending back nearly to middle 

 of orbit, slightly exceeded by nasal ; anteorbital foramen about 

 9x5 mm. in diameter, over posterior root of third premolar. 

 Palate moderately wide, nearly flat, not extending posteriorly 

 beyond level of last molar, terminating in an obscure median 

 spine ; incisive foramina between canines, 11 to 17 mm. in length, 

 their combined breadth usually a little less ; mesopterygoid fossa 

 rather more than one-third as long as palate, considerably 

 narrower posteriorly than anteriorly. Mandible strong, but not 

 remarkably robvist, the depth at posterior edge of carnassial 

 contained about six times in length ; symphysis rather long ; 

 coronoid process high, the depth of mandible through its middle 

 noticeably greater than distance from last molar to back of 

 condyle ; angular process heavy, nearly horizontal, distinctly 

 raised above level of under margin of ramus. 



Teeth. — The teeth are relatively larger than in any of the 

 races of domestic dogs, though in form they show no tangible 

 features by which they may be distinguished. Upper incisors form- 

 ing a continuous, slightly convex row, the outer tooth separated 

 from canine by a distinct space ; size, when viewed from in front, 

 increasing regularly from first to third, but third abruptly much 

 larger than the others in cross-section and nearly half the size of 

 canine ; anterior surface of i^ and i- slightly more than half as 

 wide as high, smoothly I'ounded oft*, the cutting edge narrow but 

 not acute ; a small but distinct secondary lobe at each side of 

 front aspect, that of inner side a little below middle, that of 

 outer side about equally above ; posterior surface of crown con- 

 cave longitudinally though without backward-projecting basal 

 shelf ; a well developed median longitudinal rib, and a low but 

 noticeable cingulum, the latter terminating abruptly and forming 

 the lobes seen in front view ; outer incisor with no secondary 



