330 



CAKNIVORA 



Remarks. — With the material at hand it has been impossible 

 to reach wholly satisfactory conclusions with regard to the 

 number of local forms represented by the common foxes of various 

 parts of Europe. The existence of three such races, one in the 

 Scandinavian Peninsula, a second in Central Europe, and a third 

 in the Iberian Peninsula, seems well established ; but the status 

 of the forms inhabiting Italy and Greece is still in doubt. 



VuLPES vuLPES VULPES Linnseus. 



1758. ICanis'] vtilpes Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., i, 10th ed., p. 40 (Sweden). 

 1758. [Canis] alopex Linnseus, Syst. Nat., i, 10th ed., p. 40 (Sweden). 

 1798. C[anis] vulpus Thunberg, Beskrifning pa Svenske Djur, Mamm., p. 7 



(Variant of vulpes). 

 1816. V{^idpes\ vulgaris Oken, Lehrb. d. Naturgesch., iii, pt. 2, p. 1034 



(Renaming of vulpes). 

 1820. Canis nigro-argenteus Nilsson, Skand. Fauna, i, p. 91 (Lofoten 



Islands, Norway). 

 1827. ICariis vitlpus'] y nlgrocaudatus Billbarg, Synopsis Faunae Scandi- 



navise, p. 12 (Uppland, Sweden). 

 1827. [Canis vulpus'] ^ variegatus Billberg, Synopsis Faunae Scandinaviae, 



p. 13 (Uppland, Sweden). 

 1827. [Canis vulpus] t) lineatus Billberg, Synopsis Faunae Scandinaviae, 



p. 13 (Skane, Sweden). 

 1830. ? [Vulpes] comimmis Burnett, Quart. Journ. Sci. Lit. Art, xxviii, 



1829, p. 349 (Substitute for vulpes). Nomen nudum. 

 1898. Vulpes vulpes Thomas, The Zoologist, 4th ser., ii, p. 100, March, 



1898 (part). 

 1910. Vulpes vulpes Trouessart, Faune Mamm. d'Europe, p. 93 (part). 



Type locality. — Upsala, Sweden. 



Geographical distribution. — Scandinavian Peninsula. 



Diagnosis. — Teeth larger and more robust than in the central 

 and southern races, the premolars tending to be slightly spaced 

 or in contact ; skull attaining maximum size for European 

 foxes. 



Measurements. — For cranial and dental measurements see 

 Tables, pp. 334, 335. 



Specimens examined. — Seven skulls from Sweden (for exact localities 

 see Table of cranial measurements), and eleven from Egersund, Stavanger, 

 Norway. 



Bemarks. — While I have seen no skins of this fox, the 

 distinctness of the race from those occurring in central and 

 southern Europe seems well established by the characters of 

 the teeth. 



skull. Sweden. Wheelwright (c). G4. 3. 8. 2. 



11 skulls. Egersund, Stavanger, K. H. Schaanning (c). 11. 6. 3. 1-11. 

 Norway. 



