372 



CARNIVORA 



external cusp (usually notched or partly divided into two), the 

 surface elsewhere finely wrinkled ; in some specimens a minute 

 tubercle, perhaps representing the hypocone, occurs near posterior 

 border of crown in region of constriction between oiiter and 

 inner portions ; cingulum low but evident, especially around 

 inner margin of crown. 



Bemarks. — The well-known pine marten is so strongly 

 characterized as to require no special comparisons with any other 

 European species except Maries foina (see account of latter). 

 Two geographical races are currently recognized, though their 

 status is by no means clear. 



Martes martes martes Linmeus. 



1758. \^Mustcla'\ martes Linnseus, Syst. Nat., i, 10th ed., p. 46 (Sweden). 

 1816. M\tistela] syliesiris Oken. Lehrb. d. Naturgescli., iii, pt. 2, p. 1020 



(Renaming of martes). 

 1827. M[artes] vulgaris Griffith, Cuvier's Anim. Kingd., v, p. 123 



(Reuamiug of martes). 

 1847. Martes sylvatica Nilssou, Skand. Fauna, i, 2nd ed., p. 41 (Renaming 



of martes). 

 1857. Micstela martes Blasius, Saugethiere Deutschlands, p. 213. 



1910. Mustela martes Trouessart, Faune Mamm. d'Europe, p. 72. 



1911. [Martcsl martes Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 139, March, 



1911. 



Tjipe locality. — Vicinity of Upsala, Sweden. 



Geographical distribution. — Europe north of the Mediterranean 

 region, from Ireland eajjtward into Asia. 



Diagnosis. — Throat patch cream-buff or slightly more yellow. 



Colour. — Upj)er parts a rich dark brown, usually rather near 

 the bister of Ridgway, the tips of the longer hairs blackish ; 

 underfur light grey, the tips of the hairs tinged with drab or 

 with wood-brown ; face essentially like back or not so dark, the 

 muzzle and chin usually not darker than forehead ; ear edged 

 with buffy drab ; tail very dark brown (nearly the seal-brown of 

 Ridgway), its underfur raw-umber or somewhat darker ; feet 

 and lower portion of legs blackish ; throat-patch varying 

 considerably, but as a rule rather pale, nearly cream-buff or 

 slightly more yellow. 



Measurements. — For cranial and dental measurements see 

 Tables, pp. 376, 378. 



Specimens examined.— Twenty, from the following localities: — 



Ireland : Kenmare, Kerry, 1 ; Co. Kerry, no exact locality, 1. 



Scotland : No exact locality, 1. 



England: Keswick, Cumberland, 1; Cockermouth, Cumberland, 1; 

 Pontrilas, Herefordshire, 1 ; Ludford Park, Herefordshire, 1 ; no exact 

 locality, 3 (B.M. and U.S.N.M.). 



Norway : Egersund, Stavauger, 3. 



Sweden : No exact locality, 3 (U.S.N.M.). 



Denmark: No exact locality, 1 (U.S.N.M.). 



Germany : Southern Germany, 2. 



Austria-Hungary : Bohemia, 1. 



