MARTES 375 



Bemnrhs. — Though readily distinguishable from Martes martes 

 by the character of the skull and teeth M. foina is sometimes 

 difficult to recognize by external peculiarities alone. Usually 

 the colour has a slaty or drab cast that is highly characteristic, 

 and the quality of the fur is inferior to that of the pine marten ; 

 but I have seen tanned skins of animals killed in winter which 

 were impossible to identify with any degree of certainty. 



Two geographical races have been described. 



Martes foina foina Erxleben. 



1777. [Mustela] foina Erxleben, Syst. Regni Anim., i, p. 458 (Germany). 

 1792. Martes domestica Pinel, Actes Soc. d'Hist. Nat., Paris, i, p. 55 (France). 

 1801. Mltistela] f[oina] alba Bechstein, Gemeinn. Naturgesch. Deutsch- 



lands, I, 2nd ed., p. 759 (Thiiringen, Germany). 

 1857. Mustela foina Blasius, Saugetbiere Deutscblands, p. 217. 

 1869. Mustela martes var. fagormn Fatio, Fauna Vert. Suisse, i, p. 318 



(Sweden) : name wrongly attributed to Linnseus, Syst. Nat., i, 



12th ed., p. 67. 

 1910. Mustela foina Trouessart, Faune Mamm. d'Europe, p. 72. 



Type locality. — Germany. 



Geographical distribution. — Range oi" the species except 

 southern Spain. 



Diagnosis. — Longer hairs of back tipped with sepia, the 

 genei'al hue of upper parts drab. 



Colour. — Underfur very light grey (about grey No. 10 of 

 Ridgway) with an evident buffy. cast on distal third of hairs ; 

 long hairs ranging from wood-brown to mars-brown, becoming 

 darker at tips. As the long hairs nowhere conceal the underfur 

 the general effect is a light drab insulting from the blending of 

 the two colours, very uniform throughout dorsal surface, though 

 usually a little paler on neck and darker on posterior portion of 

 back. Tail essentially like body, but darkening toward tip, the 

 pencil often blackish. Legs and feet washed with dark brown. 

 Ear buffy drab externally, creamy white along rim, the inner 

 surface greyish white. Muzzle, lips and chin broccoli-brown. 

 Throat-patch buffy white, darkening to cream-buff along outer 

 edges. 



Measurements. — Adult male from near St. Gallen, Switzer- 

 land : head and body, 453 ; tail, 260 ; hind foot, 85 ; ear from 

 meatus, 34. For cranial measurements see Table, p. 377. 



Specimens examined. — Twenty-three, from the following localities : — 



France : Manonville, IMeurthe-et-Moselle, 2. 



Germany : Ingelheim, Rheinhessen, 2 ; Nuremberg, Bavaria, 1 

 (U.S.N.M.) ; southern Germany, 7 (skulls). 



Switzerland : Geneva, 1 (Mottaz) ; Vall6e-de-Joux, Vaud, 1 (Mottaz) ; 

 Thayngen, Schaffhausen, 3 (B.M. and U.S.N.M.) ; Aarburg, Aarau, 1 

 (U.S.N.M.) ; Oberrich, St. Gallen, 1. 



Spain: Silos, Burgos, 1 ; Dofiasantos, Burgos, 1 (U.S.N.IM.). 



Italy : Near Rome, 1. 



