472 



CARNIVORA 



1829. Felis virgata Nilsson, lilum. Fig. Skand. Fauna, pis. .3 and 4 

 (Wooded and mountainous portions of Sweden). 



1857. Felis lynx Blasius, SJiugetbiere Deutschlands, p. 173. 



1870. Lynx ccrvaria Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. kais. Akad. Wissensch., Wien, 

 Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, lx, Abth. i, p. 208 (Not Felis ccrvaria 

 Temminck, 1827). 



1904. [Lynx] lynx Trouessart, Catal, Mamm., Suppl., p. 276. 



1910. Lynx lynx Trouessart, Faune Mamm. d'Europe, p. 103. 



Type locality. — Near Upsala, Sweden. 



Geographical distribution. — Wooded poi'tions of Europe from 

 the extreme north to the Alps and Pyrenees, and from the 

 Atlantic coast eastward. Now practically exterminated except 

 in the wilder portions of the Scandinavian Peninsula. 



Diagnosis. — Length of lower cheek-teeth together about 

 35 mm. ; skull relatively long and low, the interorbital convexity 

 moderate ; back and sides never thickly spotted, usually without 

 dark markings ; cheeks not conspicuously whiskered ; underfur 

 dense and woolly. 



External characters. — Form heavier and more dog-like than in 

 Felis silvestris, the legs relatively longer and feet more robust, 

 the tail decidedly less than half as long as head and body. Ear 

 conspicuously tufted at tip, and hairs on side of head below ear 

 and behind angle of jaw somewhat elongated. Digits and 

 tubercles as in Felis silvestris, the claw on thumb especially well 

 developed, the horny excrescence on palm near wrist wider at 

 base ; hairy covering of both palm and sole woolly rather than 

 velvety in texture. Tail shorter than hind foot. Underfur 

 evei'ywhere densely woolly. 



Colour. — Upper parts and sides varying from yellowish brown 

 to brownish grey, the back usually frosted by white hair-tips 

 except along median region, and sometimes rather thickly 

 sprinkled, especially in immature individuals, with small black 

 spots or short streaks tending to arrange themselves in about five 

 longitudinal rows, but spotting never so conspicuous as in Lynx 

 pardellus. Head like back, the face with a few indistinct 

 longitudinal dark streaks ; a whitish eye ring about 5 mm. wide 

 interrupted in front and behind ; median portion of upper eyelid 

 black ; a small black spot on side of head below ear ; inner 

 surface of ear whitish ; outer surface like crown on basal half, 

 but posterior border and tip, including pencil, black, the inter- 

 mediate region whitish ; contrast of whitish area sometimes 

 heightened by a dai'k shade along its lower border. Underj^arts 

 ranging from whitish to pale bluff". Feet intermediate between 

 back and belly ; front of foi-earm and of thigh usually with a few 

 black or dark brown specks ; tail and posterior surface of thigh 

 somewhat darker than upper parts, often with a slight rusty tinge, 

 the tip of tail black. Undei'fur usually brownish or buffv' to 

 extreme base, but occasionally grey. 



Skull. — The skull of Lynx lynx differs in general aspect from 



