662 AFRICAN GAME ANIMALS 



noceroses in various parts of equatorial and central Africa 

 outside of the ranges here designated. Such records have 

 all been found to be due to mistaken identity or confusion 

 with the black species. The best known of such instances 

 are the references of Speke, Grant, and Stanley to white 

 rhinoceroses in Karagwe, German East Africa. The first 

 Nile specimen to reach Europe was a skull collected by 

 Major A. St. H. Gibbons, near Lado Station in 1900. This 

 specimen was sent to Mr. Oldfield Thomas of the British 

 Museum for examination, and upon its identification cre- 

 dence was given to the records of occurrence in Karagwe 

 by the early explorers. More recent investigation, however, 

 has shown these earlier reports to be erroneous. The race 

 was named by Lydekker several years after Major Gibbons's 

 discovery from the evidence furnished by skulls collected 

 by Major Powell-Cotton near the station of Lado. The 

 differences detected by Lydekker, greater width of the 

 nasal boss and its more forward projection, are sexual 

 characters confined to the male and are of no racial value. 

 The Nile race resembles very closely, in external appear- 

 ance and size, the southern race which formerly inhabited 

 the territory lying between the south bank of the Zambesi 

 and the north bank of the Orange Rivers. It differs, how- 

 ever, by the possession of a flatter dorsal outline to the 

 skull, owing to the lesser production of the occipital crests 

 above the dorsal plane, and by the smaller size of the teeth. 

 The measurements of skulls of the two races show them to 

 be of practically the same bodily size. The largest known 

 skull in bulk is one secured in the Lado Enclave by Kermit 

 Roosevelt, but this one exceeds only slightly the largest 

 preserved one from South Africa. 



It has been said by first-rate observers that the square- 

 mouthed rhinoceros is of exactly the same color as the 

 hook-lipped rhinoceros. This did not seem to us to be the 

 case when we saw the square-mouthed rhinos living; they 

 seemed to be of a perceptibly lighter gray, which under 

 certain conditions of sky-effect and sun-angle seemed very 

 light indeed, although as dark as the ordinary rhino when 



