ELEPHANTS 737 



average was approximately 80 pounds per tusk. In this 

 connection it is interesting to compare the dimensions of 

 fossil tusks of the recently extinct hairy mammoth, Elephas 

 primi genius, a species closely related to the Indian elephant 

 and of considerably smaller body proportions than the 

 African elephant. The tusks of this species were consid- 

 erably greater than the African records in every dimen- 

 sion. The record mammoth tusk has a length of 12 feet 

 io>^ inches. The record one, according to Ward, in weight 

 is estimated to have been 330 pounds, it having an actual 

 circumference of 35 inches, but this gigantic tusk may not be 

 referable to the hairy mammoth but rather to the giant- 

 tusked Siwalik elephant, Stegodon ganesa. The record Indian- 

 elephant tusk is surprisingly small compared with its close 

 relative, the mammoth. The records for the Indian are: 

 length, 8 feet 9 inches; weight, 102 pounds; girth, 18^ 

 inches, or about half that of the mammoth. The average 

 bull Indian elephant, however, has tusks little larger than 

 those of the cow African elephant. The large bull from the 

 southwest slope of Mount Kenia previously mentioned 

 measured in the flesh: in length of head and body from the 

 tip of the trunk to the base of the tail, 22 feet; in length of 

 tail, 4 feet 7 inches; in length of trunk measured from the 

 mouth, 6 feet 11 inches; in height of ear measured over the 

 fold on the upper margin, 5 feet; in length of ear from 

 the ear opening horizontally backward to the hinder border, 



3 feet 4 inches. The rogue bull shot in Uganda, which was, 

 according to measurement, a taller animal, measured consid- 

 erably less in length of body, the length from the tip of the 

 trunk to the base of the tail being 19 feet 10 inches. The 

 other dimensions were: length of the tail, 4 feet 8 inches; 

 height of the ear measured over the fold on the upper margin, 

 5 feet 8 inches; length of the ear from the ear opening to the 

 hinder border, 3 feet 4 inches. The flesh measurements of 

 a fully adult cow shot by Colonel Roosevelt at Meru, on 

 the northwest slope of Mount Kenia, were: length of head 

 and body from tip of trunk to base of tail, 18 feet 3 inches; 

 length of tail, 3 feet 8 inches; height at withers, 8 feet 

 9 inches; height of ear, including the fold on upper margin, 



4 feet 9 inches; length from ear opening to hinder border 

 3 feet 2 inches. Another cow, a specimen shot by Paul J. 



