EQUIPMENT, ARMS, AND SPECIMENS 753 



skin over the base of the skull, which is very little broader 

 than the neck. The lips in these animals need particular 

 care, as they are usually mounted with their mouths open 

 and should, therefore, be cut far back along the base of 

 the teeth, which will give them the greatest possible length. 

 Owing to the refractory nature of the heavy skin of the 

 hippopotamus, the head skin must be cut down the entire 

 length of the median ventral side from the chin to the chest. 

 The rhinoceros head skin should be cut down the median 

 line of the nape. Giraffe require similar treatment, the cut 

 here following along the dorsal mane, which occupies the 

 median line of the nape, and then forking at the horns and 

 extending up the inside of each of the large horns and across 

 their tips, as they require skinning to preserve their hair 

 covering. The head of the elephant offers some exceptions 

 to the general rule and is the only case, with the exception of 

 the hippopotamus, in which the cut down the throat is pref- 

 erable or rather allowable. After making the circular cut 

 at the withers and shoulders, make a second extending from 

 the tip of the trunk along the median line of the under side 

 to the mouth, and through the chin down the midline of the 

 throat to the chest. The great ears must be especially 

 treated by a cut on their back or inside extending from the 

 base or point of insertion back of the auditory meatus to 

 the extreme tip or angle marking the termination of the 

 folded upper border. From this longitudinal cut the carti- 

 lage can be separated from the skin by cutting it free and 

 then skinning down both surfaces of it as far toward the 

 ear margin as possible without cutting through the skin 

 which here is quite thin. When the ear cartilage has been 

 skinned out as far as possible it should be severed along the 



