84 MAMMALIAN DESCENT. [Lect. III. 



Of course, only tlie liiological reader of sucli communications can 

 value them properly, as lie only can thoroughly understand their 

 meaning and their hearings ; and yet the patient and thoughtful 

 general reader may come at the gist of tlie matter. But first of all 

 he must hind up all his old misconceptions into a Ijundle and Inirii 

 them, and come into the Temple of Nature with child-like simplicity 

 of mind, and not like that "praying, synagogue-frequenting beau," 

 -who walked up to the Holy Place straight as a ram-rod — stiff with 

 pride and prejudice. 



We know that in the oldest oak-tree living there has heen no 

 discontinuity of vital action since it first germinated, and that its 

 germ, with the closely-packed cotyledons, were not created, hut grew. 



These first, or larval, leaves, the cotyledons, had their day, and did 

 their day's work like honest labourers, so also did the first crop of 

 normal leaves, and the second crop, and so on, year after year, all 

 doing the work of their generation. This increasing family of leaves 

 budded and grew, and stopped in their growth and died ; but they all 

 h(d];)ed to make that forest-king. 



As long as we think of the oak, merely, we can run back for some 

 length of supposed time, along the line of our imagined oak-tree's an- 

 cestors. But if we were to go some distance back — very far back, no 

 .]onbt — Ave should find ourselves lost, for our oak would be the English 

 kind no longer ; we should have reached the point where all the si)ecies 

 of oak Avould meet in one generalised type. But the oak family has 

 its relatives, and these would, far enough back, all become undis- 

 tinguishable. Along such a descending road we should never find rest 

 until we had reached the common, most generalised, protoplasmic 

 mother-stuff, whose descendants, on our return journey, would turn 

 out to be every green thing, every plant or herb or tree that the 

 earth has borne, or is still bearing. This thrice-ancient mother of 

 all the plants is the same as she who was the fruitful mother of all 

 sentient creatures or animals. From her sprang the fishes of the 

 sea, the fowls of heaven, and the beasts of the earth. If we could 

 follow the pedigree of every living, moving creature, it would be 

 traceable back to that common protoplasmic mass. " Wisdom " saAv 

 the green corn, the rose, and the oak ; and also birds, and cattle, and 

 men, in their first beginnings. Solomon says — and he, the wisest of 

 the sons of men, should know — that She rejoiced in, and that her 



