10 APPLE. 



The moth is about four-fifths of an inch in spread of the 

 fore wings, of a somewhat brown tint looked at generally, but 

 the fore wings have a brown patch at the tip, in which are 

 markings of gold colour, or of golden scales, or streaks of 

 gold ; and the wing is varied (see figure, p. 9) with irregular 

 transverse streaks of brown and grey. The brown of the 

 hind wings is deepest towards the outer edge, but the general 

 appearance of the moth difiers much in marking, from bright- 

 ness to dull grey or brown, according to whether it is held in 

 the bright sunshine or otherwise. 



The male moths are distinguishable from the females by 

 the presence of a narrow long blackish spot on the under side 

 of each front wing, and also by a very narrow line of rather 

 long black hairs along the upper surface of each of the 

 hinder wings.*' 



The method of infestation is for the moths to come out 

 about the time of the opening of the Apple-blossoms, and 

 when the petals have fallen and the embryo fruit is beginning 

 to form, the females lay their eggs ; formerly it was supposed 

 especially at the eye or blossom end of the fruit, but accord- 

 ing to recent observations it appears that the eggs may be 

 attached anywhere, — to the surface of the fruit, or to its 

 stem. (For minute observations of details of egg-laying, &c., 

 with authorities given, the reader is referred to the exhaustive 

 pamphlet of Prof. Slingerland noted below.) 



The maggot hatches in about a week or ten days, and 

 burrows into the embryo Apple for the most part at what 

 may be called the blossom end (the end furthest from the 

 stalk), and gradually begins to tunnel a gallery towards the 

 core, and during the journey their excrementitious matter is 

 so far as possible thrown out at the entrance-hole, and by 

 this dirt, especially the brown matter collected at the " eye" 

 of the young fruit, attention is called to the mischief going 

 on within. As the grubs grow they feed for the most part at 

 or near the core, and on the seeds, and at this stage do not 

 appear to clear out the dirt, so that the centre of the Apple 

 becomes a discoloured mass, as shown in figure, p. 9. 



In about four weeks from the date of hatching the grub is 

 full-grown, and as a preliminary to leaving the Apple it 

 gnaws a tunnel to the outside of the Apple (see also p. 9), 

 and leaves the fruit. This may be in various ways. For 

 the most part it appears to be by simply crawling out of the 

 Apples, which have fallen consequently on the injury within, 

 often (though by no means always) with the maggot still 

 inside them. Sometimes the larva or maggot lets itself down 



* See 'The Codlin Moth,' by M. V. Slingerland; Bulletin 142, Cornell 

 University Agricultural Experiment Station, U.S.A., January, 1898, p. 13. 



