18 



APPLE. 



other orchard moth-caterpillars (for which see Index) would 

 be equally serviceable iu the case of this attack. 



Goat Moth. Cossus Ur/niperda, Fab. 



Cossus LiGNiPEEDA. — Goat Moth and chrysalis. 



The caterpillars of the Goat Moth are injurious by gnawing 

 large tunnels in the solid wood of various kinds of orchard 

 and timber trees, where they feed before turning to the 

 chrysalis state for three years. Amongst timber trees, they 

 attack Oak, Elm, Ash, Beech, Lime, Willow, and Poplar ; 

 and amongst orchard trees, Apple, Pear, and Walnut, — and 

 I have had specimens showing very injurious amount of pre- 

 sence of caterpillars sent me from Apple. 



The infestation is widely distributed, from the south of 

 England to the north of Scotland ; and I had notes of an old 

 Oak cut down on the Brahan Estate, near Dingwall, Co. 

 Boss, N.B., being found to contain hundreds of the cater- 

 pillars, from a quarter of an inch to four inches in length, 

 with empty chrysalis-cases in the bark. The worst attack 

 which I have myself seen was in West Gloucestershire, where 

 I helped in taking sixty caterpillars from the stem of a young 

 Chichester Elm, which was so much injured it had to be cut 

 down consequently on the presence of the infestation. 



The habit of the Goat Moth is to lay her eggs at the lowest 

 part of the tree, and a badly-infested tree may often be known 



