36 APPLE. 



horns) j^ellowish, some of the middle or lower joints of the 

 antennas being partially marked with brown above. The 

 wings transparent, with veins dark, or darker towards the 

 base, and the stigma (or patch on the front edge of the fore 

 wing) dark but paler, or yellowish at the end nearest the tip 

 of the wing. 



The sawflies appear with the Apple blossoms, and the 

 females may then be seen on the wing amongst the flowers, 

 and may be caught in the act of egg-laying within them, the 

 exact spot for deposit (in instances recorded) being just below 

 the calyx. In a series of special observations of the habits 

 of these flies, in which they were first noticed on the 14th of 

 Maj", the caterpillars were found to be hatching out on the 

 28th of the same month. 



The maggots are pale in colour, and when quite young, 

 that is, when still only about an eighth of an inch in- length, 

 the head, and also the plate above the tail, is dark or black ; 

 but i^resently these are moulted off, and when the caterpillars 

 are full grown, that is, about half an inch in length, they are 

 mottled or creamy in colour, with the head pale chestnut, and 

 the plate above the tail and the cross-band immediately pre- 

 ceding mottled with grey, and the three first segments have 

 each a pair of claw or jointed legs. The next segment is leg- 

 less ; and then comes the marked distinction between these 

 caterpillars and those of the Codlin Moth, which otherwise 

 much resemble them. The fifth to the tenth segments of the 

 sawfly caterpillars have each a pair of sucker-feet, making six 

 pairs in all, so that with the pair at the end of the tail (which 

 is possessed by the Codlin Moth also), the sawfly caterpillar 

 has twenty feet in all, whilst the Codlin Moth caterpillar has 

 only sixteen. A comparison of the figures of the two cater- 

 pillars (see pp. 9 and 35) will show this distinction clearly, and 

 be an important help towards ascertaining which kind of in- 

 festation is present. 



The history of the attack of the sawfly, given shortly, is 

 that the caterpillars hatch in the very young (embryo) Apple, 

 and as this grows they grow and feed within, and thereby 

 cause much damage (see figure), not only to the fruits in 

 which they were hatched, but sometimes to other neighbouring 

 fruits, to which they have the power of straying at pleasure. 

 The injured Apples are not so regularly tunnelled as in the 

 case of damage from Codlin Moth caterpillars. There are, or 

 may be, tunnels, but also (see figure, p. 35) much of the 

 inside of the little Apple may be eaten away, thus causing a 

 rough blackened cavity, with decaying surface. 



Consequently on the internal injury the growth of the Apple 

 is checked, and it drops ; and attention is drawn (as also in 



