38 



APPLE. 



anew. Where there is much mischief going on it would be 

 worth while to spread rough cloths beneath the Apple trees, 

 and jar the boughs well so as to cause the injured fruit to fall, 

 which thus might be easily collected and destroyed before the 

 caterpillars had a chance of escaping into the ground. 



Where the Apple roots are not so close to the surface as to 

 make skimming off the surface injurious to the tree, it is a 

 sure way of preventing much recurrence of attack to find by 

 examination how deep down the little ball-like cocoons lie, 

 and then to remove the soil to this depth, and bury it deeply 

 down, or throw it on rubbish fires. Even stirring the soil 

 sometimes is beneficial, and the ordinary preventive dressings 

 would presumably be beneficial. 



Whilst attack is going on (the sawfly being quite of a 

 noticeable size) many of the insects may be killed on the 

 blossoms by hand-picking, where the trees are either espaliers 

 or low enough to bring them within reach. Where they are 

 taller, spraying might be used, presumably with just as good 

 effect as in the case of Codlin Moth, for observations on which 

 see page 14. 



It also would help much in success of preventive treatment 

 if a few of the fallen Apples were split open, and the owner 

 would examine whether the appearance of the damage within 

 pointed to the attack being that of Codlin Moth or Sawfly 

 caterpillars ; and make still surer by finding, with the help of 

 a hand magnifier, which kind of caterpillar was present. In 

 the case of Codlin Moth attack, it is waste labour to remove 

 the soil ; in the case of sawfiy attack it is equally labour lost 

 to scrape and clean chrysalids from crevices in the bark. 



Mussel Scale (Oyster-shell Scale, U.S.A.). 

 Mtjtilaspis pomorum, Bouche ; AspUliotas concliifonnis, Curtis. 



Mytilaspis POMOKtiM. — Female Scales Khowing female and eggs ; and also 

 female shrivelled within the Scale, much maguilied. Infested Apple twig. 



