48 APPLE. 



"Where trees stand in bare ground, stirring the surface in 

 winter so as to turn the weevils out to the birds would do 

 good ; and something might be done, at the time of the 

 appearance of the weevil, bv "grease-banding," as used to 

 prevent ascent of Winter Moths. At one time (that is, so 

 long as it was thought that the female weevils used their 

 wings but little) this treatment was thought desirable, but 

 though recent observations have made this doubtful, still the 

 plan might be worth experimenting with, and more especially 

 to learn whether the female beetles ascended by waUdng in cold 

 and sunless weather. Where a little time and trouble could 

 be given to grease-banding the stems of half a dozen trees or 

 so in an orchard when the weevils were beginning to appear, 

 the information gained by examination of state of the bauds 

 might be of very general service. 



Observation. — Many kinds of insect attacks besides those 

 noticed above are also injurious to Apple in common with other 

 orchard fruit trees. Amongst these, just as a few examples, 

 may especially be named the AVinter Moth {Clieimatobia hru- 

 mata) and the Mottled Umber Moth {Hyhernia defoliaria) , and 

 other allied kinds, distinguishable by their wingless females, 

 and by the " looper " form of their caterpillars; and amongst 

 beetle attacks, besides leaf feeders, the " Shot-borer" Beetles, 

 the Xylehoriis dispar and X. saxeseni, as doing much harm in 

 the living wood. 



But while on one hand it is desirable to class the attacks 

 (so far as is possible) under the heading of the crops which 

 they most affect, on the other, as very many of our orchard 

 insects affect most kinds of our orchard trees, it is very difficult 

 to make any regular division. 



Therefore, to the best of my power, I have placed the notes 

 of infestations either under the heading of the fruit crop to 

 which they are especially injurious, or of that in connection 

 with which the observations were sent to me ; and also in the 

 course of each account have given the names of other fruit 

 crops to which the insect under consideration is recorded as 

 being especially injurious. — E. A. 0. 



