70 CURRANT. 



miglit be expected to be the case if the larva entered when 

 recently hatched and worked its way onward from one end. 

 In regard to this point my correspondents wrote, "We have 

 examined the shoots again, and the hole seems in every case 

 to have been in the bud." My specimens developed by the 

 chrysalis pushing through the aperture left for its egress, as 

 on June 20th I found two pupa-cases fallen down, and another 

 still attached to the Currant stem. Figures of one of these 

 are given, life-size and magnified, at p. 68. 



The little moth is scarcely more than an inch in the spread 

 of the front wings ; the body and fore body black with some 

 narrow yellow lines ; the wings are transparent, whence the 

 name of "Clearwing," and bordered with black, the fore wings 

 having also a black bar across, and the tip yellowish with 

 black veins (see figure, p. 68). The moths appear in June. 



In both cases it was stated that the infestation bad not 

 been noticed before, but, judging by the specimens sent me, 

 the attack was to be found not only in shoots of the preceding 

 year, but in those of older growth. 



Prevention and Eemedies. — On the large scale of nursery 

 growing the operation of taking cuttings would show fairly 

 well where attack was present, and every case where one of 

 the stems which had been cut through was found to have 

 been tunnelled up the centre, the lower part of the shoot 

 ought also to be cut away to below the bottom of the grub 

 tunnel (so as to insure the removal of the grub), and hotJi 

 pieces should he burnt. The grub or caterpillar might be in 

 either of the pieces, and if left, and merely thrown aside in 

 the shoots might very likely go through its changes to moth 

 state and set new infestation on foot. 



Where a ground has been clear until a lot bought as rooted 

 cuttings from elsewhere has been found to be infested, it 

 would be entirely desirable to clear them all off at once, and 

 destroy them. In treatment of the old standing bushes, one 

 of the surest jDlans appears to be to take the condition of the 

 leafage as a guide to where the grub is present witiiin the 

 stem, and cut off every shoot as soon as fading leafage shows 

 where the point of attack is. 



As tlie chrysalis does not as a regular thing go through its 

 changes till June, there would be plenty of time to give full 

 attention to the matter, and cut off and hum all the shoots 

 where the fading leafage showed presence of grub within, and 

 thus give timely prevention of the spread of the infestation. 



It has been advised to cut off all ends of old shoots which 

 show a perforation, but in the light of later observations it 

 does not seem likely that these stumps should be used for 



