130 PEAR, 



sexed inclivicluals mixed together in the leaf and flower-biids 

 of the one-year-old shoots, embedded in the layer of hair or 

 downy felt inside the outer bud-scales, commonly many 

 together ; Herr Sorauer has found as many as seventeen." 

 (See loc. cit.) 



Prevention and Eemedies. — Where there are only a few 

 leaves infested, or the trees are small, it is well to pick these 

 leaves off and hum them as soon as attack is observed. Also, 

 looking at the observation of Dr. Taschenberg that the in- 

 festation has been found to begin its yearly course on the 

 lower leaves of the twig, whilst the upper are still free, it would 

 appear that if special attention was directed to clearing these 

 leaves it would very much help in checking attack. 



In Dr. J. Fletcher's paper, quoted at p. 129, it is mentioned 

 that up to that date kerosine emulsion seemed to be the only 

 application which had given promising results as a remedy ; 

 and amongst reports sent to myself I had the following good 

 note of success of use of kerosine emulsion in checking Pear 

 leaf-blister damage, sent me early in May, 1894, from near 

 Southampton. My correspondent wrote that he had lost no 

 time in applying some kerosine emulsion to the injured trees 

 by means of a knapsack Strawsonizer. " This has certainly 

 arrested the damage on those trees that were only slightly 

 affected as yet, and I am in hopes it ma}^ yet save the four 

 horizontally trained Pear trees, which on receipt of your 

 letter had hardly a sound leaf left, the tender young leaves 

 being all rolled up ; for the new leaves that have formed since 

 the application of the emulsion are so far looking healthy." — 

 (F.K.). 



In my own garden I have had thoroughly good success in 

 checking this attack by having " antipest," which is a pre- 

 paration very much of the nature of kerosine emulsion (see 

 Index!, on the blistered leafage. But for broadscale service, 

 in destroying the mite when it is in its winter quarters, the 

 treatment of effect of kerosine emulsion as carried out at 

 Cornell University Agricultural Station, New York State, 

 U.S.A., proved so satisfactory that I insert the following 

 summary of the operations. The experiments Avere carried 

 on in 1892, and repeated for verification in 1893, and the 

 main points regarding the treatment, which proved very 

 successful, and the life-history of the pest, were embodied in 

 the pamphlet mentioned below, which may be strongly 

 recommended to all interested in the subject.* 



* Bulletin 61, December, 1893. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment 

 Station. By Mark Vernon Slintjerland. Published by the University, Ithaca, 

 New York, U.S.A. Procurable through Messrs. W. Wesley & Son, Essex Street, 

 Strand, London, W.C. 



