WINTEK MOTH ; EVESHAM MOTH, 157 



tion, in the case of the species observed by Prof. Pergande the 

 spring migration, although occurring from Plum to a great 

 variety of plants of most dissimilar nature, is never found on 

 the Hop ; the return migrants, however, reappearing on Plum 

 in the autumn, as in the case of P. liumiiU. 



From such views as I am able to form niter studying 

 Prof. Pergande's careful descriptions, it seems to me that the 

 characteristics of the frontal development of P. liumuli var. 

 malaheh, as observed in England, distinguish it from Myzus 

 mahaleh, Fonsc, now under consideration, as well as its re- 

 markable difference in nature of plants selected as its summer 

 hosts. But the matter has been gone into with such minute 

 and skilled observation by Prof. Pergande that I offer my own 

 views under submission, and only as it may prove to be a 

 point worth investigation for practical purposes in our own 

 Plum and orchard grounds. — E. A. 0. 



Winter Moth; Evesham Moth. Ckeimatuhia brumata, Linn. 



Cheimatobia beumata. — Male and wingless females. 



Note. — In the following pages the treatment for prevention 

 and remedy relatively to injury from caterpillars of Winter 

 Moth are entered on in long detail, as these are equally 

 applicable as remedial measures against caterpillars of the 

 other moths noticed on subsequent pages of which the females 

 are wingless; and also the treatment by spraying with kero- 

 sine emulsion or Paris-green is serviceable against leafage 

 caterpillars generally. The notes are given under the heading 

 of " Plum," as it was on this orchard tree that the practical 

 work, even to the extent of treating 80,000 trees, was carried 

 on at Toddington. — E. A. 0. 



The Winter Moth is perhaps the most injurious of all our 

 orchard insects. In some years, when favoured by drought 

 and heat, the mischief is widespread also in woodland, and 

 especially on Oak leafage ; but amongst orchard trees the 

 caterpillars prey on the leaves and buds of Plum, Apple, Pear, 

 Cherry, and Nut ; also during several years information was 



