SHOT-BORER. 191 



Where infestation is known to exist in a district, just the 

 same class of measures are useful to prevent its continuance 

 which are in regular use by foresters for prevention of infesta- 

 tion of Pine Weevil and Piue Beetle in woods and plantations. 



The " Shot-borer" frequents stumps or fallen trees of the 

 kinds liable to its infestation for breeding purposes, and 

 prefers these (where attainable) to healthy growing material. 

 Therefore it is desirable to remove all such material and burn 

 it early, that is, by the beginning of the warm season ; and 

 later on, at the time of summer felling, to remove and burn 

 all infested wood. Further, it answers to set trap wood. 

 These traps may be arranged by setting poles of any kind of 

 wood that the beetles naturally frequent, with one end in the 

 ground so as to keep them fresh for a while, and examining 

 them every three or four weeks, and destroying them if found 

 to be infested. New pieces should be set from time to time, 

 as the beetles require wood with some degree of freshness of 

 sap for their breeding purposes. The season for " trapping " 

 is March to August or September, or later still in the year if 

 examination shows infestation continuing. Felled trees also 

 may be centres of spread of infestation if not looked to, and 

 also stores or timber-yards near orchards may need attention 

 as to infested wood stacked there, which is sure to be a centre 

 of fresh mischief. 



Another method of dealing with attacks of Xylehori, or 

 " Shot-borers," is plugging up their entrance-holes, in regard 

 to effect of which it is noted at p. 11 of Mr. Hubbard's paper, 

 previously quoted, that by closing the outlets of the galleries 

 through the bark, or by spraying into them kerosine or some 

 other noxious liquid, the contained beetles are so discomposed 

 that they run in all directions, and by trampling on and 

 crushing the young larvae and eggs, and breaking down the 

 exceedingly delicate fungoid growth, a state of things is 

 induced in which the living insects are destroyed. 



In the same paper, at p. 13, under the head of "Piemedies," 

 are the following notes, which I give at length, as the most 

 recent observations on the subject : — 



" From what has been said of the nature of the food of 

 these beetles, it is evident that any method by which the 

 entrances to their galleries in the bark can be closed will 

 effectually put an end to the progress of their colonies. 

 Perhaps the best means of accomplishing this is by coating 

 the trunks with dendroline or raupenleim. A light brushing 

 or spraying of the bark with creosote or kerosine will some- 

 times accomplish the same result, especially at the beginning 

 of an attack. But this cannot be depended upon to per- 

 manently protect the trees. 



