RASPBEKRY STEM-BUD CATERPILLAR. 207 



was that in 1891, which gave opportunity of adding some 

 very serviceable observations, and especially those of Dr. T. 

 A. Chapman, F.E.S., to what was previously known of its 

 life-history. 



In that year (1891) the observations sent showed the attack 

 to be present at a good many localities in the more westerly 

 of the midland counties, and in Kent, and as far north as 

 Glasgow, and at Crieff, in Scotland. 



The Easpberry Stem-bud Moth caterpillars are about a 

 quarter of an inch long, of some shade of red, with black 

 head, and black mark on the following segment ; they have 

 three pairs of claw-feet, which are black, and also four pairs 

 of sucker-feet, and a pair at the end of the tail. When 

 examined through a magnifying-glass it will be seen that 

 there is a pale line down the centre of the black head, and 

 that the mark on the following segment is composed of a pair 

 of double-spots. 



The attack is begun in spring by the little caterpillars 

 (which live in caterpillar state through the winter) piercing 

 into the young leaf-buds, and with the advance of the season 

 the mischief becomes very noticeable by the fading of the 

 young shoots from buds which have been injured, but not 

 destroyed whilst still in bud condition. 



On the 30th of April Mr. Speir wrote me from Newton 

 Farm, near Glasgow, N.B., that on that day he had seen a 

 large number of small scarlet maggots on his Easpberry canes 

 (on almost every other cane). These were about three- 

 sixteenths of an inch long and one-twentieth thick, with 

 black head, and small black spot on the tail, otherwise all 

 bright red. It was observed that up to a coujDle of days 

 previously there had been no mild weather since February, 

 and it was only within that time that the buds had begun to 

 swell. Most of these maggots were found crawling on the 

 canes, but quite a number were just emerging from the buds, 

 and on cutting off a number of buds, either a burrow from 

 the base to the apex, or a maggot in the base, was found in a 

 great many of them. 



The above note of the caterpillars not contenting themselves 

 with the destruction of one bud, but emerging and travelling 

 on the cane to renew attack at pleasure, is important practi- 

 cally, and was noticed by several correspondents who made 

 this habit a matter of special observation. 



Mr. Wise, writing from Toddington, remarked: — *' I have 

 found in cases where there are two shoots the caterpillar has 

 been in one and left it, and evidently gone into the next, for 

 in the next I have found it." 



Another correspondent, writing from Crieff, N.B., onMay 7th, 



