'^08 KASPBEEKY. 



mentioned that there many of the buds had been entered when 

 they had scarcely begun growth; also that " while I beUeve 

 that the caterpillar does not leave the bud when once he has 

 penetrated to the pith of the cane, where he makes his lair, I 

 think that he may often nibble at one or two buds on his way 

 up the cane, and thus destroy them before finding one which 

 pleases him as a permanent settlement. Specimen 2 shows 

 three lower buds which have been seriously bitten, while the 

 only nest is in the fourth or topmost bud." 



On May 18th specimens were forwarded me of L. ruhieUa 

 caterpillars then beginning to spin up and change to the 

 chrysalis state, with the remark : — '* I am sending j'ou speci- 

 mens of a small red caterpillar which is attacking the Rasp- 

 berries this year ; it has eaten all the first buds, and eats its 

 way into the cane itself." 



One of the caterpillars sent had spun up except at head 

 end ; colour become yellower below. A chrysalis (spun up in 

 web in the bud) was tawny or reddish yellow on as much of 

 the back from the head onwards as was visible. The wings, 

 which were folded beneath it, were yellowish. The abdomen 

 was of a full pink. 



The above observation was satisfactorily completed by a 

 characteristic specimen of the moth, Laniproiiia ruhiella, 

 developing from a chrysalis in one of the liaspberry buds 

 sent me. This I first observed to have emerged on June 1st. 



The following are the main characteristics of the appear- 

 ance of the moth (see also figure at p. 206) : — The expanse of 

 the wings is a little under half an inch. The head ochry 

 grey with yellowish face ; horns dull brown. The fore wings 

 shiny, with a brown ground, marked with yellow dots and 

 various yellow spots ; of these spots two are very noticeable 

 on the hinder or inner margin, and there are four smaller 

 spots on the costa or fore edge. The fringes are brown, with 

 tips white at the end of the wing. The hinder wings brown, 

 with paler fringes.* 



As the attack advanced, notes were sent of the young shoots 

 failing from the presence of the pest within, almost as if they 

 had been frost-bitten, in one case to the extent of from ten to 

 fifteen acres being " so badly damaged that they looked as if 

 it might be the middle of winter ; and at the visit of the 

 Evesham Fruit Experimental Committee to the Toddington 

 Fruit-grounds, on the 12th of May, a large basket was shown 

 filled with Raspberry shoots infested by the caterpillar of 



* For description in precise scientific wording, with synonyms of the species, 

 see Stainton's ' Tineiua,' p. 39. From specimens sent me I had opportunity of 

 noting the colours of the chrysalis spun up in the bud (to which I give one 

 reference above), and wliich I am not aware of having been recorded before. — 

 E. A. 0, 



