RASPBERRY STEM-BUD CATERPILLAR. 209 



Lamjjroriia ruhiella, as a sample of several other basketfuls 

 which had been collected in the previous part of the day. 



The above observations describe the method of the cater- 

 pillar attack and the injury it causes ; but the part of the 

 life-history as to where the moth (which is known to be 

 common in June) lays her eggs, and where the young cater- 

 pillars feed until they shelter for the winter, was, I believe, 

 unknown (or only vaguely and in very small part noted) until 

 observed and recorded in 1891 by Dr. T. A. Chapman, of 

 Hereford.* 



Dr. Chapman wrote : — " The egg of L. ruhiella is laid when 

 the Raspberry is in flower ; I have twice seen the process take 

 place, and on one occasion besides saw it fail. The moth 

 selects a fully opened flower " ; here Dr. Chapman gives a 

 minutely detailed account of the operation of egg-laying, 

 culminating in the egg being inserted in the "receptacle" of 

 the flower so as to lie about its own width beneath the sur- 

 face. In the case of failure mentioned above, the moth had 

 attempted to lay on a not fully opened flower. 



Further, quoting Dr. Chapman's words : — " When the 

 Raspberry is ripe, and is removed by human or other agenc}^ 

 the larva of ruhiella is in the fleshy white receptacle,t but is 

 ready to quit it, and does so immediatel_y. In one such re- 

 ceptacle were two larvas. So far as I could see, their presence 

 does not interfere with the due development and ripening of 

 the fruit."— (T. A. C.) 



From further observations, Dr. Chapman found that the 

 larva spins itself a little round, flat, white, silk cocoon not 

 much more than the twelfth of an inch in diameter, and that 

 on its leaving the "receptacle" (which he notes may be in 

 the way mentioned above, or by boring a way out at the base 

 by the footstalk) it no doubt goes down to the stool of the 

 plant, and passes the winter in such a cocoon as he describes, 

 from which it emerges in the spring. 



Thus (to recapitulate) the life-history of this infestation is 

 that the moths lay their eggs when the Raspberry flower is 

 open, placing them just beneath the surface in the "re- 

 ceptacle." There they grow until the Raspberry is ripe, 

 when they are full-fed, when they leave their feeding-ground, 

 as above mentioned, and pass the winter in a cocoon, from 

 which they come out and spread themselves in the following 

 spring on the Raspberry canes, and attack the buds even in 

 their first show of growth. 



* See " The Oviposition and Autumnal Larva of Lampronia rubiella," by 

 Dr. T. A. Chapman, in ' The Entomologist's Magazine ' for June, 1891, p. 1G9. 



t For figure of " receptacle " of Raspberry fruit with the berry removed, see 

 sketch at p. 202. 



P 



