CAULIFLOWER DISEASE. 255 



to be 0'0094 mm. long. Although this organ is at first sharp 

 and thin, it ends in a blunt knob-shaped swelling. The 

 gullet was indistinct in the specimens I examined ; it seemed 

 to be rather twisted. The sucking stomach is oval ; there 

 the intestine begins, at first very narrow, afterwards broader. 

 Its wall is finely granulated." Details are given of male and 

 female characteristics, so far as observable : but though larva; 

 were plentiful in the i^lants I forwarded in May and June, yet 

 Dr. Kitzema Bos noted with regard to the males and females : 

 — " I did not observe one of either sex which was perfectly 

 mature, containing developed spermatozoa or eggs on the 

 point of being laid. It seems from this as though repro- 

 duction only takes place during the latter part of summer." 

 — (J.E.B.) 



The following extract describes the effect of the infestation 

 on various parts of the plant, as the stems, buds, flower 

 l^etals, calyx, &c., which, with permission, I give in the words 

 of Dr. Eitzema Bos rather than my own, as being clearer and 

 much more technically precise than any wording I could 

 myself have offered. 



Description of the effects of the infestation on the growth of the 

 Strawberry lilant. 



" In the axils of the normally developed lower leaves (see 

 fig. 1, )i, p. 253) numerous thick scaly buds appear, much like 

 the little scales that form on a bulb ; these buds never grow 

 new stolons. Sometimes the main stem grows fairly tall to 

 begin with (probably because the plant was not attacked by a 

 large number of Ai^lielenclius at once), but a certain height 

 being attained, it branches very vigorously, and the branches 

 are not only thick and broad, but remain united as they 

 grow, so that there is actual fasciation. There is, however, 

 no ribbon -like broadening, but a thickening, which can be 

 best compared to a piece of Cauliflower ; therefore I have 

 indicated the disease caused by Aphelenchus fragarice as 

 ' Cauliflower disease of Strawberry plants.' 



"In a few cases a simple ribbon-like broadening of the 

 stalk takes place, and the numerous flower and leaf buds that 

 result are more or less normally developed. Sometimes one 

 side of the stalk or branch grows and fasciates more strongly 

 than the other side ; the stem then bends, and may even 

 become quite twisted up. Some stems split at the toj) of the 

 fasciation into a number of different branches, with more or 

 less normal flowers and leaves. Most commonly, however, 

 the stalk or branch gets scarcely broader, but much thicker ; 

 the side branches remain in great part fixed together, and it 



