ARGUMENT OF GREAT BRITAIN. 19 



The United States also informed the British Minister to /Mj^l/Veton^^J 

 the United States of the same fact, and this Avithdrawal Adams.) 

 was made the basis of communications to the KussiauKep- 

 resentatives during- the negotiations, and was never denied. 

 It was communicated with the consent of the liussian Am- British Case, 

 bassador in somewhat guarded language to British ship- p.^^^e';"'^'^'^'*^*"' 

 owners, 



Eussia never withdrew or qualified the abandonment of 

 the lOO-mile jurisdiction claim, and on this basis the nego- 

 tiation of the Treaties proceeded. 



The abandoumeut, demanded both by Great Britain and 

 the United States, was not of any specific part of her claim 

 to jurisdiction, nor were certain coasts specified along which 

 this jurisdiction should not be exercised, but she abandoned 

 the ichole claim to jurisdiction along the tchole of the coasts 

 of the territories she claimed, and never again revived or 

 attempted to exercise it on any part of the coasts. 



The action of the " Apollon" in the case of the "Pearl" p.^ysf'"^ ^^'^• 

 was disavowed by the liussian Government. 



The United States Treaty of 1824. 



The United States having objected to the claim of terri- 

 tory by Eussia south and east of Behring Straits, as far 

 south as 51°, and also to the claim of maritime jurisdiction 

 along the shores of that territory; further, Eussia having 

 agreed to withdraw that claim of maritime jurisdiction; the 

 Treaty was entered into to carry out the arrange- 

 19 meuts which had been come to. It is therefore obvi- 

 ous that the words of Article I, " any part of the 

 Pacific Ocean," include Behring Sea. 



The fact that the United States also contested the exten- 

 sion of the southern boundary does not affect this position. 



There was nothing unusual in using the term "Pacific" British case, 

 to include Behring Sea; it was commonly so used in de- p"^*" ^^' ^^' '^* 

 spatcbes, by writers, and by geographers at that time, and 

 is now; it is used in this sense by all the jurists who have 

 <lealt with the Treaties, and by Greenhow, a prominent 

 official of the United States Government, in official pub- 

 lications. 



It was necessarily used in the Treaty in this sense, because 

 the abandoned claim to restrict freedom of navigation and 

 fishing applied to several parts of the Pacific Ocean, viz., 

 Behring Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and that jjart of the Pacific 

 which lies south and east of the Alaskan territory. 



The argument that it api)lied only to the Pacific Ocean 

 south and east of the Alaskan territory, and not to Beh- 

 ring Sea, is disi)roved by the fact that the 100 miles claim 

 of jurisdiction extended both to the north and to the south 

 of the Aleutians. Its withdrawal, therefore, could not have 

 been confined to the south, to the exclusion of the north, 

 uidess it had been expressly so stated. 



Other provisions of the Treaty (e. g., Article II, forbid- 

 ding resort to any point where there was a Eussian estab- 

 lishment) manifestly applied to the whole territory claimed 

 by the Ukase, 



