G. CARASSIUS, 29 



the dorsal fin. Cyprinus carpio has always at least five fully deve- 

 loped longitudinal series on this part of the hody, whilst C. fossicola 

 has four only. 



6. CARASSIUS. 



Carassius, Nilsson, Prodr. 



This genus differs from Cypnnus in being without barbels ; its 

 pharyngeal teeth are compressed in a single series, 4 4. 



Temperate Asia and Europe. Domesticated and degenerated into 

 numerous varieties. 



1. Carassius vulgaris. 



Crucian Carp. Die Karausche. Riida (Sweden) . 



Karass, Gesner, De Aquat. p. 818, and Paralipom. p. 16. 



Carassius, Will. Hid. Pise. p. 245). 



Mamil. Dannb. Pan. -My s. iv. tab. 14. 



Cyprinus, sp., Artcdi, Genera, p. 4. no. 7 ; Synon. p. 5. no. 5 ; and 



Specie's, p. 29. no. 15; Klein, Pise. Miss. v. p. 59. no. 4, tab. 11. 



fig. 1 ; Grmiov. Zoophyl. no. 343. 

 Cyprinus carassius, L. iSyst. Nat. p. 526; Le^ike, Ichthyologio' Lip- 



siensis Specimen, 1774, p. 78 ; Bl. Fische Devtsehl. i. p. 96, taf. 11 ; 



Bl. Schn. p. 4'>8 ; Lacep. v. p. 549 ; Meidinyer, Fische, tab. 27 ; 



I'all. Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 297 ; Turton, Brit. Faun. p. 108 ; 



Fries och EhUr. Skand. Fisk. p. 140, tab. .31 ; Ekstr. Fische Morko, 



p. 58 ; Ctiv. 8,- Val. xvi. p. 82, pi. 459 (not good) ; Jenyns, Manual, 



p. 402 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. 2nd edit. i. p. 355, and 3rd edit. ii. 



p. 364 ; Kihs. Skand. Fauoi. fv. p. 290 ; Sclys-Lonychamps^ Faune 



Belye, p. 200 ; Kroyer, Danm. Fisk. iii. p. 293 ; Giinther, Fische 



Neekar s, p. 38; Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 179. 

 Crucian,. Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 319, pi. 72; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. i. 



edit. i. p. 311; Couch, Fish. Brit. Isl. iv. p 26, pi. 184. 

 Carassius vulgaris, (Nilsson) Nordmann, in Demid. Vvy. Buss. Merid. 



iii. p. 479 ; Heckel ^ Kner, Siisswasserjische, p. 67 ; Dybowski, 



Cypr. Livl. p. 41, tab. 2; Jeitteles, Verhandl. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. 



Wien, 1862, p. 295 ; Siehold, Siisswasserjische, p. 98 ; Jdckel, Ab- 



handl. zool. -miner. Ver. JRegensb. 1864, p. 22; Canestrini, Arch, 



Zool. Anat. etc. 1866, p. 66. 

 Cyprinopsis carassius, Blanchard, Poiss. France, p. 336. 



Variety (Prussian Carp). 



Cyprinus, sp., Klein, Pise. Miss. v. tab. 11. fig. 2. 



C}'pnnus gibelio, Bloch, Fische Deutschl. i. p. 71, taf. 12 ; Bl. Schn. 

 p. 438 ; Lacep. v. p. 64 ; Fkstrom, Fische v. Morko, p. 64 ; Fleming, 

 Brit. An. p. 185 ; Jenyns, Man. p. 402 ; Ciw. 8f Val. xvi. p. 90 ; 

 Yarr. Brit. Fish. 2nd edit. i. p. 358; 3rd edit. ii. p. 368; Nord- 

 mann, I. c. ; Koch, Faun. Ratisbon. p. 32 ; Sclys-Lonychatnps, Faun. 

 Beige, p. 199 ; Heckel Sr Kner, Siisstvasser/ische, p. 70 ; Kessler, 

 Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, xxxii. pt. 1. p. 526 ; Couch, Fish. Brit. 

 Isl. iv. p. 31, tab. 185. 



amarus, Koch, Faun. Ratisbon. p. 39. 



carassius, var., Fkstrom, Okenslsis 1840, p. 145. 



Carassius humilis, Heckel, IVieti. Ann. ii. p. 156, taf. 9. fig. 4 m. 



Cyprinus moles, Agass. Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Neuchatel, i. 18.%, p. 37 ; 

 Car. (§• Val. xvi. p. 89 ; Selys-Longchamps, I. c. p. 200 ; Heckel 8f 

 Kner, I. c. p. 71. 



