13. TYLOGNATUUS. 65 



of the total length (with the caudal). Origin of the dorsal fin oppo- 

 site to that of the ventrals. Caudal fin emargiuate. {Heclc.) 

 Damascus. 



6. Tylognathus falcifer. 

 Labeo falcifer, Cuv. df Val. xvi. p. 358. 

 Lobocheilus falcifer (Van Hasselt, AUj. Kmist- en Letterbote, 1823, 



ii. p. 133); Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Iml. v. p. 522; or Proclr. 



Cypr. p. 148 ; or Atl. Ichthijol. Ci/pr. p. 5G, tab. 0. 

 Tyloguatlius falcifer, Heckel, in Riisseyger's Reisen, ii. 3. p. 283 



(name only). 



D. 11. A. 8. L. lat. 33-35. L. transv. 5|/5 Vert. 19/13. 



Mouth transverse, broad ; both jaws with thick lips, which are 

 separated from each other by a deep incision, the lower lip forming 

 a kind of moveable lobe, free in front ; inner fold of the upper lip 

 very indistinct ; lower jaw with a very sharp margin. Snout 

 obtusely pointed, projecting beyond the lower jaw, porous. Barbels 

 four, very small. Eye very small, situated somewhat behind the 

 middle of the length of the head. There are three longitudinal 

 series of scales between the lateral line and the root of the ventral 

 fin. The height of the body is contained thrice and one-third in the 

 total length (without caudal), the length of the head from four times 

 and two-thirds to five times and one-fifth. Origin of the dorsal fin 

 in advance of that of the ventral, opposite to the eleventh scale of 

 the lateral line. Anterior dorsal rays more or less prolonged in adult 

 example^:'. Caudal fin deeply forked. Coloration uniform. 



Java and Sumatra. 



a. Adult. From Dr. Bleeker's Collection. 

 h. Adult: skeleton. Purchased. 



Slceleton, — On comparing the skeleton with that of L. niloticus 

 (p. 48) and L. forsTcalii (p. 50), the following peculiarities may be 

 observed : — 



1. The bones of the upper jaw are much dilated, the intermaxil- 

 laries being shorter and narrower than the raaxillaries. The trans- 

 verse anterior portion of the mandible is much dilated, provided 

 with a pentagonal concave surface below, broader than long. 



2. Prajoperculum of the usual shape. 



3. The lateral ridges of the occipital crest are low and somewhat 

 distant from the median principal ridge. 



4. The interneural spines of the dorsal fin correspond to the 

 neurals of the ninth to seventeenth vertebrae. 



5. First rib dilated in its upper third, the dilatation being directed 

 forwards. 



Oohio microcephahi.i, Bleek. Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Ind. xiii. p. 357 ; 

 or Lobochilus (Gohionichthi/s) microcephcdus, Bleek. Prodr. Cypr. 

 p. 156; or Atl. IchthyoL Cypr. p. 60, tab. 8. fig. 2, is founded on a 

 single example, 71""'" long, Avhich ai)pcai's to be a young T. falcifer. 



a. Type of Oohio microcephalus, in bad state. Java. From Dr. 

 Bleeker's Collection. 



VOL. VII. 



