19. BARBUS, 91 



12. Barbus longiceps. 



Ctiv. 4- Val. xvi. p. 179, pi. 467 (very bad). 



Most closely allied to B. jlaviatiUs, but with the snout and head 

 more elongate. 



D. 11. A. 8. L. lat. 54-55. L. transv. 11/13. Vert. 25/19. 



Osseous dorsal ray strong, conspicuously serrated *. There arc 

 eight longitudinal series of scales between the lateral line and the 

 base of the ventral. The length of the head is one-third of the 

 *otal (without caudal), and in j'oung examples always more than 

 one-fourth. Body rather elongate ; snout very long and pointed ; 

 lips thick, the lower with the fold interrupted in the middle. Eyes 

 small. Anal fin narrow and deep ; caudal deeply forked. 



Palestine. 



a-e. Adult and half-grown, 11-19 inches long. Lake of Galilee. 



From the Collection of the Eev. H. B. Tristram. 

 /. Adult female : skeleton. Lake of Galilee. From the Collection 



of the Rev. H. B. Tristram. 



Although the skeleton is very similar to that of B. JiuviatUis, it 

 differs, beside the smaller number of vertebra?, in the following 

 points : — 



1. The foremost tooth of the inner jiharyngeal series is exceed- 

 ingly large, thrice the size of the succeeding tooth, very obtuse, 

 somewhat molar-like ; the other teeth are comparatively short, with 

 an oblique masticatory surface, and without distinct hook. This differ- 

 ence in two species so closely allied as B.jiuxiatiUs and B. longiceps, 

 shows that the structure of the pharyngeal teeth is by no means of 

 so great a value as a generic character as some ichthj'ologists believe. 



2. There is an oval discontinuity of the osseous substance between 

 ulna and radius, which is entirely filled up in B. JiuviatUis. 



3. The intemeural and interhamal spines are comparatively 

 narrower and more feeble. 



13. Barbus chalybeatus. 



Cyprinus bulatmai, Gmeliti, Heise, iv. p. 135"; Z. Gm. iii. p. 1414. 



chalybatus, Fallas, Zoogr. Moss.- As. iii. p. 292. 



Barbus chalybatus, Nordmann, in Demid. Voy. Mm. Merid. iii. 

 p. 474. 



This Barbel is very imperfectly known. It has a strong serrated 

 dorsal ray. It is described as " macrolcpidotus ; caput productum, 

 maxilla superiore productiore, conica, labiis carnosis productilibus." 

 Ten series of scales above, and eight below the lateral line. Body 

 and fins marbled and spotted with black. 



Caspian Sea and rivers between the Caspian and Black Seas. 



* Prof. A. Dumeril has, at my request, examined the typical specimen and 

 kindly informed me that it has really the dorsal ray serrated. 



