5, cLurEA. 437 



than the length of the head , ivhlcJi is onr-third of the total (without 

 caudal). Lower jaw shutting- within the vippcr; maxillaiy reaching 

 to the vertical from the hind margin of the orbit. No teeth on the 

 palate or tongne. Operculum finely striated ; suboperculum large, 

 tapering above. Gill-rakers very fine and exceedingly long; the 

 horizontal branch of the outer branchial arch consists of two por- 

 tions joined at an obtuse angle. Ventral fins opposite to tlie anterior 

 third of the dorsal, the origin of which is somewhat nearer to the 

 caudal than to the end of the snout. Basal half of the caudal fin 

 covered with small scales. There are from twelve to thirteen abdo- 

 minal scutes behind the base of the ventral fins. A blackish blotch 

 in the scapulary region. 



Atlantic coasts of the United States. 



a, h. Adult. New York. Purchased of Mr. Erandt. 



c-d. Half-grown and young : skins. New York. From Mr. Par- 



nell's Collection. 

 e-f. Young. North America. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq. 

 g. Young. Old Collection (Clujiea smanigdina). 

 h. Young : skin. From Gronow's CoUcctiou. — Type of Chij^a cw- 



rolinensis. 



35. Clupea aurea. 



Clupanodon aureus, Ac/ass. in Sj)ix, Pise. Bras. p. 52^ tab. 21. 

 Alausa aurea, Cuv. fy Val. xx. p. 427. 



B. 7. D. 20. A. 22. 



Scales irregularly arranged; their free portion is very narrow 

 and deep, with the margin ciliated. The height of the body ia 

 rather more than the length of the head, which is contained thrice 

 and one-fourth in the total (without caudal). Lower jaw shutting 

 within the upper ; maxillary nearly reaching to the vertical from 

 the middle of the orbit. No teeth on the palate or tongue. Oper- 

 culum finely striated ; suboperculum large, tapering above. Gill- 

 rakers very fine and exceedingly long ; the horizontal branch of the 

 outer branchial arch consists of two portions joined at an obtuse 

 angle. Ventral fins opposite to the anterior rays of the dorsal, the 

 origin of which is a little nearer to the end of the snout than to the 

 root of the caudal. Basal half of the caudal fin covered with small 

 scales. There are twelve abdominal scutes behind the base of the 

 ventral fins. A blackish blotch in the scapulary region. 



Coast of Brazil. 



a. Old Collection, as Clupea smaragdina. 



An accessory branchial organ in a rudimental condition has been 

 noticed by Hyrtl, Denkschr. Ak. Wiss. Wien, x. 1855, p. 40. 



36. Clupea pectinata. 

 Alosa pectinata, Jeiujns, Zool. Bcar/k, Fish. p. 135, pi. 25. 

 D. IG. A. 21. L. lat. 46. L. transv. 21. 

 Scales rather irregularly arranged, with stria?, and Avith the 

 margin strongly serrated. The height of the body is more than 



