440 CLUi'iiiu-i;. 



Clupanodon pilcliardus, Jiisso, I. c. 



Alausa pilchardus, Cttv. ^ Val. xx. p; 445, pi. G05. 



B. 6. D. 17-18. A. 19-21. V. 6. L. lat. 47-48. Yert. 53 

 (50-51, Lowe). Caec. pyl. 7. 



The height of the hody is nearly equal to the length of the head, 

 which is one-fourth of the total (without caudal). Lower jaw but 

 slightly prominent ; the maxillary extending somewhat beyond the 

 vertical from the front margin of the eye. No teeth on the palate 

 or on the tongue. Gill-rakers very fine and long, closely set. Ventral 

 fins insei'ted below, or nearly below, the middle of the base of the dorsal. 

 Origin of tlic dorsal fin considerably nearer to the end of the snout 

 than to the root of the caudal. There arc from twelve to fourteen 

 abdominal scutes behind the base of the ventral fins. Operculum 

 with very conspicuous radiating stria) descending towards the subo- 

 jjcrculum, A small blackish spot in the scapulary region. 



Mediterranean and neighbouring parts of the Atlantic ; extending 

 northwards to the coasts of England and Sweden. (See Clupea 

 sufjax, p. 443.) 



Yar. a. sarcUna. 



Base of the ventral fin below the middle of the base of the dorsal. 

 Gill-rakers a little shorter than the eye. 



rt. Fine specimen. Dalmatia. 



h. Half-grown. Nice. Purchased of Dr. Deakin. 



c, d-e. Fine specimens. Madeira. Presented by the Eev. R. T. Lowe. 



/-</. Half-gro\vn. From the Haslar Collection. 



Yar. l3. pUchardxis. 



Base of the ventral fin behind the middle of the base of the dorsal. 

 Gill-rakcrs a little longer than the eye. 



a. Adult. Cornwall. Presented by T. Priestley, Esq. 

 h. Adult: stuffed. Cornwall. 

 c-e. Adult. 



40. Clupea maderensis. 



Avengue. 



Clupea maderensis, Loire, Trans. ZogI. Soc. ii. p. 189. 



? Ilarengula forsteri, Citv, ^- Val. xx. p. 299. 



Alaiisa cba, Ci(v. S,- Val. xx. p. 417. 



Meletta mediterranea, Cnv, ^~ Val. xx. p. 3G9. 



B. G. D. 18-19. A. 18-19. Y. 8. L. lat. 45-50. L. transv. 

 11-13. Yert. 47. 

 The height of the body is nearly equal to the length of the head, 

 which is one-fourth of the total (without caudal). Lower jaw but 

 slightly prominent; the maxillary extending somewhat beyond the 

 vertical from the front margin of the eye. No teeth on the palate ; 

 tongue without or with a very narrow strip of minute teeth. Oper- 

 culum entirely smooth. Gill-rakcrs very fine and long, closely set. 

 Gill-cavity black. Yentral fin inserted below, or nearly below, the 

 middle of the base of the dorsal. Origin of the dorsal tin consider- 



