o. CLurKA. 441 



ably nearer to the end of the snout than to the root of the caudal. 

 There are fourteen or fifteen abdominal scutes behind the base of the 

 ventral fins. Length of the pectoral fin two-thirds of the distance 

 of its root from the ventral fin. Scales finely striated, with the 

 margin more or less regularly rounded, sometimes lacerated. A 

 dark line along the four upper series of scales. Scapula with a very 

 obsolete dark spot ; extremities of the caudal lobes blackish. A 

 blackish spot at the base of the anterior dorsal rays. 



Mediterranean ; Madeira ; Cape de Ycrde Islands ; Azores ; West 

 coast of Africa. 



a-c. Half-grown. Mediterranean. From Mr. Petherick's Collection, 



d-e. Types of the siiecies. Madeira. From the Collection of the 

 Zoological Societj% 



/. Ver)^ fine specimen. Madeira. Presented by J. Y. Johnson, Esq. 



(f. Adult. Lanzarote. Presented by the llev. 11. T. Lowe. 



h~i, Jc-m. Adult and half-grown. Cape dc A^crdc Islands. Pre- 

 sented by the llev. P. T. Lowe. 



n, 0. Adult. Niger Expedition. 



Perhaps only a variety of CI. senegalcnsls. 



41. Clupea senegalensis. 



Alosa senegalensis, Benn. Proc. Comm. Zool. tSoc. i. 1831, p. 147. 

 Meletta senegalensis, Ctiv. i^- Val. xx. p. 370. 



B. 6. D. 18. A. 21. Y. 8. L. lat. 54. L. transv. 14. 



The liei(jlit of the body is one-third of the total (ivithout caudal), ih.(i 

 length of the head one-fourth. Lower jaw but slightly prominent ; 

 the maxillary extending somewhat beyond the vertical from the front 

 margin of the eye. No teeth on the palate ; tongue with a very 

 narrow strip of minute teeth. Operculum smooth. Gill-rakers 

 very fine and long, rather shorter than the eye, closely set. Gill- 

 cavity black. Ventral fin inserted below, or nearly below, the middle 

 of the base of the dorsal. Origin of the dorsal fin considerably 

 nearer to the end of the snout than to the root of the caudal. There 

 are fourteen abdominal scutes behind the base of the ventral fins. 

 Length of the pectoral fin three-fourths of the distance of its root 

 from the ventral fin. Scales finely striated, with the margin ciliated 

 and lacerated. Scapula with a very obsolete dark spot. A black 

 spot at the base of the anterior dorsal rays. Inner side of pectoral 

 and lobes of caudal blackish. 



West coast of Africa. 



a-h. Ten inches long. Camaroons. Presented by Dr. J. A. Smith. 



42. Clupea apicalis. 

 Alosa apicalis, Miill. Sf Trosch. in Sc/iomhttrt/k, Hist. Baibad. p. G75. 

 D. 18. A. 17. 

 The lower jaw surpasses the upper in length, the maxillaiy reaches 

 to the fii'st third of the eye : and the diameter of that organ is larger 



