28o Wild Beasts 



was examined. Dr. W. L. Lindsay ("Mind in the Lower 

 Animals in Health and Disease " ) recognized the relation- 

 ship between psychical manifestations wherever they took 

 place, yet the influence, as in his case, of this, among many 

 other hypotheses, was almost certain to make itself felt in the 

 manner in which facts were regarded. On the other hand, 

 Professor Prantl (" Reformgedanken zur Logik ") excogi- 

 tated a metaphysical system for beasts from the stand- 

 point of an assumption that the chasm which separated 

 them from humanity was impassable. He admits their 

 resemblance in essential nature. He agrees that the dis- 

 similarities which they exhibit are results of a difference 

 in evolutionary degree, and then his whole argument goes 

 to show that this is not the case, and that brute mind and 

 human intellect are radically distinct in structure and func- 

 tion. As this analysis of the intelligence in mankind and 

 inferior beings was made without reference to facts, it is 

 not surprising that they should be traversed by these in all 

 directions, and that almost everything which the Professor 

 asserts to be impossible, is well known to naturalists as a 

 matter of actual occurrence. 



Gato himself set at naught many of his conclusions. 

 He may not have exhibited either love, gratitude, sense of 

 duty, or that spirit of self-sacrifice which dogs frequently, and 

 other animals sometimes, display, and there was no oppor- 

 tunity for judging of his social instincts ; but he certainly 

 possessed the "time sense" that Prantl attributes exclu- 

 sively to man. His account of periods and seasons was as 

 accurate as possible ; he measured intervals and knew when 

 they came to an end. Whether the ability to count beyond 



