African Buffalo 



95 



p. 361 (1H91) ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Ma mm. Iml. Mas. pt. ii. p. 130 (1S91) ; 

 Nicolls and Eglington, Sportsman in South Afr'wa, p. 72 (1892) ; Ward, 

 Records of Big Ganh\ p. 261 (1896). 



Bos {Biihali(s) cajfh\ H. Smith, in Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv. 

 p. 384, V. p. 371 (1827). 



Biibahis cajf'cr, Jardine, Natnra/isfs Library — Manim. vol. iv. p. 2^7 

 (1836); Grixj, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 1:^3 (1843); ^''"^- Vngulata Brit. 

 Mils. p. 28 (1852), Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 12 (1872), Brooke, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 4H0, 1875, p. 457; Flower and Garson, Cat. 



Fig. 17. — Head of Cape Buffalo. (Rowland Ward, Retards of Big Ga/nc.) 



Osteol. Mus. Coll. Surg. pt. ii. p. 230 (1884) ; Pechuel-Loesche, Zool. 

 Jalirb. Syst. vol. iii. p. 707 (1888) ; Bocage, jfourn. Soc. Lisbon, ser. 2, vol. ii. 

 p. 24 (1890); Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv. p. 86 (1897). 



Buffclus caff'er, Matschie, Saugeth. dcutsch. Ost-Afrika, p. 107 (1895). 



Characters. — Height varying from about 4 feet 10 inches to 3 feet 6 

 inches at the withers. Head relatively short, with the muzzle very broad, 

 and the nasal bones of the skull short and wide ; typically the profile of the 

 forehead deeply concave below the horns, and the forehead itself very 

 convex. Horns very variable, but always black, more or less markedly 

 expanded and Rattened at the base, so as to obliterate the distinctly 



