East Caucasian Tur 243 



Capra caiicasicd, Keyserling and Blasius, Wirhclth. Europ. p. 28 (1840) ; 

 Bhisius, Sciugcth. Dciitschlands, p. 479 (1857); f- ^- Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 1886, p. 315, fh'c Pallas, 1783. 



Ov/s pallcisi^ Reichenbach, Naturgeschichtc Wicdcrkaucr, pi. xlix. 

 (1846). 



/Egoceros Cducusica^ Gray, Cat. Lhigulata Brit. Mas. p. 148 (1852), nee 



Capia caucasica., Pallas, 178^. 



Capra pa/lasi, Radde, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 553 ; Ward, Records of 

 Big; Game, p. 235 (1896). 



Capra cyliiulricoriiis, Biichner, Mem. Acad. St. Peter sboiirg., vol. xxxv. 

 No. 8, p. 21 (1887) ; Menzbier, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 618 ; Satunin, 

 Zool. "Jalirh. Syst. vol. ix. p. 312 (1896) ; Ward, Records of Big Game, 

 p. 235 (1896). 



Plate XX. 



Characters. — Build heavy and clumsy, with the head rather short and 

 blunt ; heio;ht at shoulder about ^8 inches ; horns lartre and massive, 

 widely separated at the base, nearly cylindrical in section, with more or less 

 indistinct transverse ribs, but no knots ; their direction at first outwards 

 and slightly upwards, and then backwards, downwards, and inwards. 

 Beard confined to the chin ; in the form of a short, broad fringe, curling 

 distinctly forwards. Pelage (.? in winter) moderately long and thick ; its 

 general colour uniform dull brown, except on the chin, the tip of the tail, 

 the front and inner sides of the hind-legs, and the front of the fore-legs 

 below the knees, which are blackish-brown or black ; no white on 

 the legs. Beard similar in colour to the rest of the pelage ; horns dark 

 blackish-olive. 



Although typical specimens of the present species are so widely different 

 from the next, there has been an extraordinary amount of confusion between 

 the two animals ; and certain specimens of horns occur which are in some 



