244 



Goats 



respects intermediate between the typical form of each. Dr. Radde, for 

 instance, remarks that he has seen very old horns referred to the present 

 species, which curve almost in a single plane, with the points turned in 

 a half-crescent shape towards one another, and thus very like those of the 

 western species. These horns not improbably belong to the presumed 

 hybrid form referred to under the heading of the latter. 



In common with the following, this species is known locally as the 



Fig. 4,. — Head of male East Caucasian Tiir. (Rowland Ward, Records of Big Game.) 



tur, a name which may be well adopted in English. By sportsmen it is 

 frequently termed the Caucasian bharal, and its horns are certainly very like 

 those of the true bharal. But it is very doubtful if there is any specially 

 close relationship between the two animals ; the similarity in the form of 

 the horns being a character which might readily be acquired quite indepen- 

 dently. The bharal has no beard, and its coloration is totally different 

 from that of either of the Caucasian tur, which are remarkable among the 

 goats for the uniformly brown tint of their pelage. 



The following horn - dimensions are recorded by Mr. Rowland 

 Ward :— 



