West Caucasian Tur 249 



and about ten more conspicuous nodules in the terminal half. Further- 

 more, the beard is described as being short and broad, like that of the 

 East Caucasian tur. 



On the other hand, in the western form described as C. severt-zowi the 

 horns, which bear more or less conspicuous nodules on the front surface, 

 are stated to curve in one plane, and to be widely separated at the tips, the 

 distance between which is given at from 32 to 36 inches. The beard is 

 described as long and narrow. Certain diiFerences in colour and the form 

 of the incisor teeth are also mentioned ; but as I believe these to be entirely 

 due to season and age, attention will be restricted to the horns and beard. 

 The following specimens from the Central and Western Caucasus have 

 come under my personal notice. Firstly, two young mounted males in the 

 British Museum from Mount Elbruz, showing the long winter pelage. In 

 the larger of these two the short horns are knotted in front throughout 

 their length ; and the beard in both is of the short, broad type, character- 

 istic of the East Caucasian tur. Secondly, an adult male in the summer 

 pelage obtained by Mr. St. George Littledale from the Western Caucasus, 

 and presented by him to the British Museum ; this specimen forming the 

 subject of plate xxi. In this specimen, which from its locality must be 

 referred to the so-called C. scvertzoiv/^ the horns curve backwards in one 

 plane, are faintly ridged in front in the basal, and strongly knotted in the 

 terminal half; the interval between the tips being 16 inches. The reddish 

 beard is long and narrow, and occupies only the middle of the chin. 



The third specimen is the splendid skull and horns shown in tig. 47, 

 which is in the possession of Mr. Littledale, and was likewise obtained 

 from the Western Caucasus, so that this belongs also to C. severt-zowi. 

 Now, whereas the length ot these horns is just over 40 inches, the interval 

 between their tips is only 15^ inches, or less than that which Dr. 

 Menzbier gives as distinctive oi C cylindricorms ! In form these horns are 

 precisely similar to those of the mounted specimen ; their approximation 



