286 Goats 



9. The Markhor — Capra falconeri 

 Mgoceros [Capra) falconeri^ Wagner, Munch, gelehrt. Anzciger. vol. ix. 



P- 430 (1839)- 



Mgoceros falconeri, Wagner, Schreber's Sanget/i/ere, vol. iv. p. 499 (1844). 



Capra fa /coneri, Wagner, in Hiigel's Kasc/iniir, vol. iv. p. 579 (1848) ; 

 Blanford, Jonrn. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xliv. p. 17 (1875), Fauna Brit. Ind. — 

 Manini. p. 505 (1891); Scully, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 209; P. L. 

 Sclater, ihiJ. 1886, p. 317; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Manini. Ind. Mus. part ii. 

 p. 145 (1891). 



Hircus megaceros, Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 525 ; nee C. niegaceros, 

 Hutton, sensu strictu. 



Capra niegaceros, Jerdon, Manini. Ind. p. 291 (1867) ; Kinloch, Large 

 Game Shooting, part i. p. 37 (1869) ; Sterndale, Manini. Ind. p. 441 (1884). 



Hircus falconeri. Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 53 (1872), Hand- 

 list Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 126 (1873). 



Plate XXV. 



Characters. — Build heavv and massive, height at shoulder varying from 

 "^5 to 41 inches. Hair on the body and legs short in summer, long and 

 silky in winter, with little or no under-fur ; in old males at all seasons a 

 profuse beard, extending from the chin down the throat to the chest, and 

 upwards along the sides of the neck to the base of the ears and nape ; in 

 young males and females the beard short and restricted to the chin. Horns 

 of males much compressed, situated close together, and twisted into a spiral, 

 with the front keel turning at first in an outward direction ; in young indi- 

 viduals sharply angulated both in front and behind, but the front of the 

 base becoming rounded with increasing age; the form ol the spiral varying 

 from that of a very open corkscrew to that of an ordinary screw, of which 



