AS A SPECIES 139 



Mr. Madison Grant, who believes in the separation of the 

 two groups — I. Barren Ground, and II. Woodland — classifies 

 them as follows : 



I. BARREN GROUND CARIBOU. 



A. European Species, 



1. Rangifer tarandus ... ... Northern Europe and Siberia. 



2. „ spitzbergensis ... Spitzbergen. 



3. Undescribed Siberian races Siberia. 



II. WOODLAND CARIBOU. 



A merican Species. 



1. Rangifer terrasnova; ... Newfoundland. 



2. „ caribou ... ... Canada, Maine, west to Mani- 



toba. 



3. „ montanus ... Rocky Mountains, from Idaho 



to Central British Columbia. 



4. „ osborni ... ... Cassiar Mountains of British 



Columbia, northward. 



5. Undescribed American forms Alaska and Arctic Canada. 



In many of these species there is considerable uncertainty, 

 which is acknowledged by those who have been instrumental 

 in making the separations, the reasons being that, in some 

 instances, there has been insufficient material to work on, and 

 in others there has been difficulty in making careful examina- 

 tion of the country between the ranges of some of these 

 described species. When the country has been more 

 thoroughly explored, and a sufficient number of animals 

 taken, it will probably be acknowledged that what are now 



