JUDGING, REPORTING AND TECHNICAL TERMS 197 



Sprightly. — A ])ircl of lively disposition, full 

 of life and activity. 



Squatty. — Not standing up ; stomach often 

 rest ins on the perch as if legs were weak. 



Stamina. — Indicating health, strength, and 

 \igour. 



Steady. — Applied to show hirds ; indicates 

 conlidence, shown by the bird moving about 

 the cage freely, with no tendency to flutter 

 when the cage is taken in hand. 



Stiff-tailed. — The tail carried straight and 

 stiff ; a desirable trait in a Belgian. 



Stilty. — A term applied to Scolcli Fancies 

 when straight-legged like a Belgian, and to other 

 birds longer in leg than is characteristic of 

 their variety. 



Strain. — A race of birds which have l)een 

 carefully bred by one breeder or his successors 

 for years, and which has acquired individual 

 characteristics the reproduction of which can 

 be more or less relied upon. 



Style. — Smart movement of the body, or 

 any part which gives a set-off to the bird's 

 characteristics. 



Substance. — Denoting Ijulk of Ijody. 



Surface-colour. — That portion of the 

 feathers exposed to view. See Under-colour. 



Sweating. — A term used when the feathers 

 of hens and their young have a damp, sweat- 

 like a]5i)earance. 



Symmetry. — Perfection of proportions, the 

 shape and form of the bird fitting harmoni- 

 ously, giving a neat finish to the whole. 



Tailing. — Plucking out the tail feathers. 



Texture. — See Quality. 



Thick-set. — Refers to shape of body, being 

 of good, stout build in birds which should have 

 this characteristic. 



Thin-crest. — A crest having only one or 

 two layers of feathers instead of several. 



Ticked. — A bird with a small, dark mark 

 on an otherwise clear body. According to the 

 standards of some specialist clubs, it may also 

 have a mark on one eye, wing, or tail, but not 

 more than one such technical mark, separately, 

 or in addition to, any other variegation on its 

 body. 



Tilted-crest. — See Crest Awry. 



Top-knot. — Another name for crest. 



Travelling. — A Scotch phrase referring to 

 the regulated " hop " of a Scotch Fancy from 

 one perch to another and back again, when in 

 the show cage and while the cage is held in 

 the hand. 



Two-pointed. — Marked both eyes or both 

 wings ; body otherwise clear. See Evenly 

 Marked. 



Type. — The general characteristics of a 

 bird in accordance with the respective stan- 

 dards. 



Under-colour. — That portion of the feathers 

 ])elow the surface only seen when they are 

 parted with the fingers or blown apart by 

 breathing heavily upon them. The fluff of 

 the feather differs greatly from the surface 

 colour. 



Under-flue. — See Flue. 



Under-work. — Applicable to the lacing on 

 the breast and Hanks of a Lizard. 



Unevenly - marked. — A bird similarly 

 marked to an even-marked, but minus one or 

 more of the marks, making it uneven ; or it 

 may have a dark patch on the body in addi- 

 tion to the even marks, thus making it un- 

 even. 



Unflighted. — A young bird having its first 

 flight feathers after the first moult. 



Variegated Cinnamon. — See Pied -cinna- 

 mon. 



Variegation. — Another name used for " un- 

 evenly marked," with this difference : most 

 birds so termed have dark patches, more or 

 less, all over the body, some considerably more 

 than others ; these are called " heavily varie- 

 gated." Those showing more light than dark 

 are " lightly variegated." 



Variety. — Some definite division of a breed 

 known by its colour, marking, or shape. Thus 

 the breed includes all varieties. 



Veiny-crest. — Indicating a dark stripe 

 down the centre of each feather of a dark crest, 

 the stripe being darker than the other portion of 

 the feather. 



V-shape Head. — See Snipy-head. 



Wastrels. — A breeder's term for the throw- 

 outs from his breeding-stock, having many 

 more faults than good points. 



Web. — The flat or plume portions of the 

 feather projecting from the centre stem. 



Wedgy. — The body inclined to wedge-shape. 



Weeping-crest. — Indicating droop ; the 

 feathers fall evenly and neatly all round over 

 sides and back of head as well as the beak. 



Wing-bar. — Any line of darker or lighter 

 colour than the general colour of the wing, 

 arranged partially or wholly across the wing. 



Wing-butts. — The corner or ends of the 

 wing ; the upper ends are more properly called 

 the shoulder-butts. 



Work. — A term often used to describe good 

 back-spangling on a Lizard. 



Wry-necked. — A deformity of the lieck, 

 causing the bird to carry its head more or less 

 to one side, with a slight twist. 



