1034 Life-histories of Northern Animals 



uals the tipping is so reduced that the Bear looks deep brown 

 or cinnamon; in others it is so increased that the Bear at a 

 distance looks dirty white, but, in all, the limbs are dark. 

 Another general feature of colour is an upright bar or patch of 

 dull white behind the shoulder. 



The distinctive external characters of the Grizzly's form 

 are its concave facial outline (the Blackbear's is about straight), 

 the maned hump on its back, over the shoulders, and the great 

 size of its front claws, which are twice the length of the hind 

 ones and but little curved. 



From the Blackbear group it is easily distinguished by 

 these peculiarities; from the Polar-bear by the latter's white 

 colour, convex profile, hairy soles, and short claws; but to 

 distinguish it from the many Alaskan species of Fish-bears 

 and Brown-bears, by external characters, is not at present 

 possible. 



The following races are recognized: 



horribilis Ord., the typical form. 



horriceus Baird. 



californicus Merriam, a very large race with little 



silver tipping. 

 alascensis Merriam, a large northern race. 

 phcEonyx Merriam, a large race with dark-coloured 



claws. 



Life-history. 



The original range of the Grizzly is shown on Map 

 No. 55. It is now, of course, greatly restricted, especially 

 in the east. The Grizzly is no longer found on the open 

 plains, and in California it is nearly if not quite extinct. 

 iNMANi- The claim of the Grizzly-bear to be entered on the Mani- 



toba list rests chiefly on the narrative of Alexander Henry, the 

 nephew. He was an expert hunter and trapper, and close 

 observer. He was, moreover, well acquainted with the Grizzly- 



TOBA 



