Grizzly-bear 1041 



Grizzlies cough, growl, grunt, roar, and sniff, in expression inter- 

 of various feelings. Dr. W. T. Hornaday, writing after years nicT'"' 

 of experience among Bears in zoological collections, says:'^ ^'°^ 



"I have learned the language of our Bears sufficiently that 

 whenever I hear one of them give tongue I know what he says. 

 For example: In warning or threatening an enemy, the Sloth- 

 bear says, 'Jch! Ach! Jchf and the Grizzly says, 

 'Woof! fVoof ! Woof!' A fighting Bear says, 'y^tt'-au'-fl'u; .'' 

 A baby's call for its mother is 'Row ! Row !' A Bear's distress 

 call is ' Ew-wow-oo-oo-oof ! ' " 



But the Grizzly, in common with the Blackbear, has 

 another means of sending tidings to others of its race, and that 

 is by the use of bear-trees or sign-posts. The remarks on the 

 sign-posts of the Blackbear apply equally here. So far as I 

 have seen, these Bears register their call in the same way." 



Hornaday, however, writing on the subject, says:" 



"On those trees we saw where several of the rubbing 

 Bears had bitten the trunk high up, tearing the bark open 

 crosswise. We also found, on some, raking claw-marks across 

 the bark. Charlie Smith said that the tooth-marks are always 

 made by the Grizzlies and the claw-marks by Blackbears." 



The only difference I have been able to see between the 

 marks of the two species is that while the Grizzly leaves 5 claw 

 marks at each place, the Blackbear commonly leaves but 4, for 

 the reason that its thumb is so short that the claw often misses. 



Grizzly-bears mate in midsummer. A pair of Grizzlies mating 

 in the Central Park Zoo, New York, mated in July. The old 

 Grizzly (Monarch) at Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, and 

 his wife consummated their union on June 19, 1904. 



Little is known of their marriage customs in a state of 

 nature, but it is generally conceded that they are not promiscu- 

 ous, that one male mates with one female, that they continue 

 together for a month or more, then part for good. It is very 

 doubtful whether any of the sex feeling persists after the waning 



" Language of Animals, N. Y. Sunday Magazine, June 25, 1905, p. 7. 

 '" See pages 1060-2. " Camp-fires Can. Rockies, 1906, p. 159. 



